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A lncRNA from the FTO locus acts as an inhibitor of mRNA m6A methylation and p53 tumor suppression

ABSTRACT: The FTO gene locus has been linked to cancer and obesity through encoded N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase FTO or inherited genomic variants (e.g. intronic single-nucleotide polymorphisms). Here we demonstrate that FTO-IT1, a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcribed from a FTO gene intron, is upregulated during prostate cancer (PCa) progression and positively correlated with poor survival of patients with tumors only expressing wild-type p53. We show that RBM15, a mRNA/substrate binding subunit of the m6A methyltransferase complex binds and increases mRNA m6A methylation and stability of p53 transcriptional target genes; however, FTO-IT1 overexpression abolishes these effects by blocking RBM15 binding of p53 target gene mRNAs. Therapeutic targeting of FTO-IT1 restores mRNA m6A level and p53 signaling and inhibits PCa tumor growth in mice. Our study identifies FTO-IT1 lncRNA as a bono fide inhibitor of m6A methylation and p53 tumor suppression and nominates FTO-IT1 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of cancer.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE212043 | GEO | 2023/07/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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N6-methyladenosine modification is essential for prostate cancer cells

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is a pivotal mechanism controlling mRNA fate in cells. RNA m6A modification is regulated by the functional balance between methyltransferases and demethylases. Here we demonstrated that FTO-IT1 enhancer RNA (eRNA), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcribed from the last intron of FTO gene is significantly upregulated in CRPC and aggressive tumors compared to primary tumors. FTO-IT1 knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 almost completely blocks growth and G1-S cell cycle transition of both androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Meanwhile, the mRNA m6A was dramatically increased in FTO-IT knockout PCa cells and we identified FTO-IT1 as a binding partner of FTO. From m6A-seq, we unexpectedly found hypermethylated m6A associated with upregulated levels of the mRNAs for p53 signaling pathway genes in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells. Mechanistic study showed that FTO-IT1 recruits FTO to the P53 target mRNA to promote their m6A demethylation, which leads to their degradation.

2023-07-09 | GSE189465 | GEO

m6A RNA methylation promotes XIST-mediated transcriptional repression

Project description:XIST is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that mediates transcriptional silencing of X chromosome genes. Here we show that XIST is highly methylated with at least 78 N6-methyladenosine (m6A) residues, a reversible base modification whose function in lncRNAs is unknown. We show that m6A formation in XIST, as well as cellular mRNAs, is mediated by RBM15 and its paralog RBM15B, which bind the m6A-methylation complex and recruit it to specific sites in RNA. This results in methylation of adenosines in adjacent m6A consensus motifs. Furthermore, knockdown of RBM15 and RBM15B, or knockdown of the m6A methyltransferase METTL3 impairs XIST-mediated gene silencing. A systematic comparison of m6A-binding proteins shows that YTHDC1 preferentially recognizes m6A in XIST and is required for XIST function. Additionally, artificial tethering of YTHDC1 to XIST rescues XIST-mediated silencing upon loss of m6A. These data reveal a pathway of m6A formation and recognition required for XIST-mediated transcriptional repression. Three to four biological HEK293T replicates were used to perform iCLIP of endogenous YTH proteins, RBM15, and RBM15B. Crosslinking induced truncations were identified using CIMS-CITS pipeline.

2016-09-07 | E-GEOD-78030 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The interacted proteins of ALKBH5 and FTO identified by IP-mass

Project description:Since m6A demethylases (FTO and ALKBH5) have been reported to be involved in pre-mRNA splicing regulation, we hypothesized that dynamic m6A distribution during mRNA maturation might involve removal of m6A in internal exons by FTO or ALKBH5 accompanied by splicing factors. To explore this we performed pull-down assays coupled with protein mass spectrometry.

2022-12-09 | PXD038705 | Pride

ZFHX3 acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer by targeting FTO-mediated m6A demethylation

Project description:Zinc-finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3, also known as ATBF1) suppresses prostatic tumorigenesis. ZFHX3 is frequently found to have numerous deletions in human prostate cancer (PCa). However, the underlying molecular function of ZFHX3 during prostatic tumorigenesis is not well understood. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in RNA plays a critical role in the development of cancers; however, the relationship between ZFHX3 and m6A modification is largely unknown in PCa. In this study, we found that ZFHX3 knockdown decreased total m6A levels through enhancing the transcriptional activity of FTO in PCa cells. Importantly, FTO inhibition suppressed cell proliferation and rescued the promoting function of ZFHX3 knockdown on cell proliferation. In vivo, we verified that FTO was upregulated and ZFHX3 was decreased in PCa patients and that a high level of ZFHX3 is indispensable for low FTO expression and is correlated with better patient survival. Through transcriptome sequencing and Me-RIP sequencing, we revealed that E2F2 and CDKN2C were the direct targets of FTO-mediated m6A modification and ZFXH3 was required for the regulation of FTO on E2F2 and CDKN2C expression. Unexpectedly, we uncovered that ZFHX3 expression was in return regulated by FTO in a m6A-dependent way. These findings establish a novel crosstalk mechanism between ZFHX3 and FTO in prostatic tumorigenesis.

2023-10-31 | GSE244356 | GEO

m6A IP sequencing analysis of m6A mRNA methylation regulation by FTO in melanoma cells

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is the most abundant internal chemical modifications in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) as well as long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Recently, m6A RNA methylation research was revived by the discovery of the fat mass- and obesity-associated protein (FTO) as the first RNA demethylase, implicating that m6A RNA methylation is a reversible and dynamic modification and may have critical biological functions. Emerging evidence has shown that m6A modifications in mRNAs and lncRNAs play crucial roles in regulating RNA fate and function in biological processes in the past several years. As the first identified RNA demethylase that regulates the demethylation of target mRNAs, FTO has been reported to play an oncogenic role in leukemia and glioblastoma stem cells. To identify the target genes of FTO in melanoma cells, we used m6A IP seq coupled with RNA seq to determine the potential demethylation and gene targets across the whole transcriptome for FTO, and identified more than 1,000 genes.

2019-05-06 | GSE112902 | GEO

Microarray analysis of gene expression regulation by FTO in melanoma cells

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is the most abundant internal chemical modifications in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) as well as long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Recently, m6A RNA methylation research was revived by the discovery of the fat mass- and obesity-associated protein (FTO) as the first RNA demethylase, implicating that m6A RNA methylation is a reversible and dynamic modification and may have critical biological functions. Emerging evidence has shown that m6A modifications in mRNAs and lncRNAs play crucial roles in regulating RNA fate and function in biological processes in the past several years. As the first identified RNA demethylase that regulates the demethylation of target mRNAs, FTO has been reported to play an oncogenic role in leukemia and glioblastoma stem cells. To identify the target genes of FTO in melanoma cells, we used microarray analysis to determine the potential demethylation and gene targets across the whole transcriptome for FTO, and identified more than 100 genes.

2019-05-06 | GSE128961 | GEO

Quantitative Proteomics of Mouse Liver (FTO-KO,WT) in response to DEN injection

Project description:Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FTO gene encoding a m6A demthylase are associated with obesity and cancer development. However, the functional role of FTO in the developemnt of progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a proteotypic obesity-associated cancer remains unclear. Here, we have generated mice with hepatic FTO deficiency (FTOL-KO) and subjected them to DEN induced HCC-development. FTOL-KO mice exhibit increased HCC burden. While control mice exhibit a dynamic regulation of FTO upon induction of liver damage, this response is abrogated in mice lacking FTO. Proteomic analyses revealed that liver damage-induced increases in FTO expression promotes m6A-demethylation of CUL4A reducing its protein expression. Functionally, knockdown of CUL4A restores the increased hepatocyte proliferation observed upon loss of FTO. Collectively, our study reveals a protective role for FTO-dependent dynamic m6A mRNA demethylation of CUL4A in the initiation of HCC development.

2020-11-03 | PXD018223 | Pride

RNA seq and MeRIP-seq of COV434 cells before and after FTO knockdown

Project description:Multifunctional N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been revealed to be an important epigenetic component in various physiological and pathological processes, but its role in female ovarian aging remains unclear. Thus, we demonstrated m6A demethylase FTO downregulation and the ensuing increased m6A in granulosa cells (GCs) of human aged ovaries, while FTO-knockdown GCs showed faster aging-related phenotypes mediated. Using the m6A-RNA-sequence technique (m6A-seq), increased m6A was found in the FOS-mRNA-3'UTR, which is suggested to be an erasing target of FTO that slows the degradation of FOS-mRNA to upregulate FOS expression in GCs, eventually resulting in GC-mediated ovarian aging. FTO acts as a senescence-retarding protein via m6A, and FOS knockdown significantly alleviates the aging of FTO-knockdown GCs.

2021-06-15 | GSE178095 | GEO

The long noncoding RNA SPRY4-IT1 increases the proliferation of human breast cancer cells by upregulating ZNF703 expression

Project description:Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged recently as a new class of genes regulating cellular processes, such as cell growth and apoptosis. The SPRY4 intronic transcript 1 (SPRY4-IT1) is a 708-bp lncRNA on chromosome 5 with a potential functional role in tumorigenesis. The clinical significance of SPRY4-IT1 and the effect of SPRY4-IT1 on cancer progression are unclear. Methods: Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to investigate the expression of SPRY4-IT1 in 48 breast cancer tissues and four breast cancer cell lines. Gain and loss of function approaches were used to investigate the biological role of SPRY4-IT1 in vitro. Microarray bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the putative targets of SPRY4-IT1, which were further verified by rescue experiments, as well as by western blotting and qRT-PCR. Results: SPRY4-IT1 expression was significantly upregulated in 48 breast cancer tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. Additionally, increased SPRY4-IT1 expression was associated with larger tumor size and an advanced pathological stage in breast cancer patients. Knockdown of SPRY4-IT1 significantly suppressed proliferation and caused apoptosis of breast cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, we discovered ZNF703 was a direct target of SPRY4-IT1 and was downregulated by SPRY4-IT1 knockdown. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that ZNF703 is a genetic driver in ER (-) breast carcinoma cells. Conclusions: SPRY4-IT1 is a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic candidate for breast cancer. Five samples are analyzed, including three control groups and two small interfering RNA groups

2014-10-22 | E-GEOD-62507 | biostudies-arrayexpress

YTHDF2 mediates the mRNA degradation in prostate cancer in m6A-dependent way

Project description:As the crucial m6A reader, YTHDF2 usually degrades the target mRNAs by recognizing the m6A modified sites, consequently altering m6A levels of each mRNA. In this study, we used m6A MeRIP sequencing to detect the m6A modification alterations in prostate cancer (PCa) cell line after knocking down YTHDF2 and identify how YTHDF2 promote the PCa progression by mediating the mRNA degradation in m6A-dependent way.

2020-11-09 | GSE129408 | GEO

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