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HOTAIR promotes prostate cancer progression by mediating the interaction between Pol2S2 and CDK9 to maintain transcriptional elongation

ABSTRACT: Previous research has predominantly focused on the regulatory role of lncRNA HOTAIR in gene silencing through its interaction with the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Here, our study uncovers a novel regulatory mechanism of HOTAIR, which facilitates prostate cancer (PCa) progression by sustaining transcription elongation. Using ChIRP-seq, RNA-seq, and ChIP-seq, we successfully mapped the binding sites of HOTAIR across the genome and determined their interplay with the epigenetic landscape. We discovered that the co-localization of HOTAIR with the androgen receptor (AR) can activate gene transcription. In the context of AR binding, we discovered that HOTAIR maintains transcription elongation by facilitating the formation of the CDK9/Pol2S2 complex. We revealed a unique capacity of HOTAIR to promote transcriptional activation on gene promoters/bodies with low H3K27me3 enrichment, a function contrasting to its established PRC2-related transcriptional inhibitory roles in regions with high H3K27me3 signal. Finally, we identified two direct target genes of HOTAIR (MMP14 and TNFAIP2), which contribute to the progression of PCa. Collectively, our research sheds new light on HOTAIR's role in transcriptional regulation, offering potential therapeutic strategies and expand our understanding of HOTAIR's roles in PCa progression.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE221263 | GEO | 2024/03/26

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in progression to incurable androgen-ablation resistant prostate cancer (PCA). We have identified three novel AR splice variants lacking the ligand binding domain (designated as AR3, AR4 and AR5) in hormone insensitive PCA cells. AR3, one of the major splice variants expressed in human prostate tissues, is constitutively active and its transcriptional activity is not regulated by androgens or antiandrogens. Immunohistochemistry analysis on tissue microarrays containing 429 human prostate tissue samples shows that AR3 is significantly upregulated during PCA progression and AR3 expression level is correlated with the risk of tumor recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Overexpression of AR3 confers ablation-independent growth of PCA cells while specific knock-down of AR3 expression (without altering AR level) in hormone resistant PCA cells attenuates their growth under androgen-depleted conditions in both cell culture and xenograft models, suggesting an indispensable role of AR3 in ablation-independent growth of PCA cells. Furthermore, AR3 may play a distinct yet essential role in ablation-independent growth through regulating a unique set of genes including AKT1, which are not regulated by the prototype AR. Our data suggest that aberrant expression of AR splice variants may be a novel mechanism underlying ablation-independence during PCA progression and AR3 may serve as a prognostic marker to predict patient outcome in response to hormonal therapy. Given that these novel AR splice variants are not inhibited by currently available anti-androgen drugs, development of new drugs targeting these AR isoforms may potentially be effective for treatment of ablation-resistant PCA. Total RNA was extracted from CWR-R1 and 22Rv1 cells treated with shAR3-1, shARa and the scrambled shRNA control, respectively. Each of CWR-R1 and 22Rv1 cells treated with shAR3-1 was compared with the scrambled shRNA control. The same experiments were performed for the cells treated with shARa.

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HOTAIR promotes prostate cancer progression by mediating the interaction between Pol2S2 and CDK9 to maintain transcriptional elongation

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