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Subolesin knockdown in tick cells provides insights into vaccine protective mechanisms

ABSTRACT: Ticks, as obligate blood-feeding arthropod vectors of pathogenic viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths, are responsible for prevalent tick-borne diseases (TBDs) worldwide. This arthropod constitutes the second most common that transmit pathogens among humans, after mosquitoes, and the first vector in domestic animals. Vaccines constitute the safest and more effective approach to control tick and TBDs, but this is in constant research to identify new antigens and improve vaccines formulations. The tick antigen Subolesin is a well-known vaccine protective antigen with a highly conserved sequence at both gene and protein levels in the Ixodidae and among arthropods and vertebrates. In this study, RNAseq and proteomic analyses were carried out in wild type and Subolesin knockdown tick ISE6 cells in order to identify and characterize the functional implications of Subolesin in tick cells, demonstrating once again the importance of this antigen in vaccine development against tick and TBDs.

ORGANISM(S): Ixodes scapularis

PROVIDER: GSE236747 | GEO | 2024/03/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Anti-tick vaccines have proved to be an effective and sustainable method for the control of tick infestations and tick-borne diseases with clear advantages over the application of chemical acaricides (Šmit and Postma, 2016; de la Fuente, 2018; Ndawula and Tabor, 2020). Moreover, the efficacy of acaricide application against Ornithodoros ticks is seriously limited owing to their endophilic/nidicolous life style, which make these ticks less accessible to the chemical acaricides (Astigaraga et al., 1995). Success in tick vaccine development is largely dependent on identification of new and highly protective tick antigens. Searching of new candidate protective antigens is currently being approached among tick molecules that play important biological functions at the tick-host interface, and more precisely among the salivary and intestinal proteins involved in biological processes specifically evolved by ticks to adapt to haematophagy (de la Fuente et al., 2016; Oleaga et al., 2021; Pérez-Sánchez et al., 2021). Accordingly, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and high-throughput proteomics technologies are been used to explore the transcriptome and proteome of the salivary glands/saliva and midguts of an increasing number of tick species and obtain the corresponding sialomes and mialomes (Chmelař et al., 2016; Almeida-Martins et al., 2020; Mans et al., 2020; Oleaga et al., 2021). These studies have identified a wealth of tick molecules related to tick haematophagy, tick-host interplay and pathogen transmission, which can then be scrutinized and filtered in vaccinomics pipelines for selecting candidate protective antigens (Chmelař et al., 2016; Maruyama et al., 2017; Antunes et al., 2018; de la Fuente et al., 2018; Ren et al., 2019; Couto et al., 2021). Similarly, we were also interested in characterizing the O. erraticus sialome. As far as O. erraticus saliva must contain all the bioactive molecules that the tick need to successfully feed, decoding its composition will lead to the discovery of new antigen targets for developing vaccines for the control and prevention of O. erraticus infestations and the diseases it transmits. Accordingly, the objective of the present work was to obtain the proteome of the saliva of O. erraticus adult ticks. For this, we have used a proteomics informed by transcriptomics approach to analyse female and male saliva separately using two different mass spectrometry approaches: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode, and Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical fragment ion spectra Mass Spectrometry (SWATH MS). SWATH MS is a specific variant of data-independent acquisition (DIA) methods that combines deep proteome coverage capabilities with quantitative consistency and accuracy (Ludwig et al., 2018). Here we reported the identification of 387 non-redundant proteins in the saliva of O. erraticus adult ticks as well as a qualitative and quantitative comparison of the saliva protein composition between both sexes. The integration of O. erraticus sialoproteomic and sialotranscriptomic datasets facilitate a better understanding of the physiology of feeding in O. erraticus and will drive the discovery of new and more effective antigen targets for development of anti-tick vaccines.

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Subolesin knockdown in tick cells provides insights into vaccine protective mechanisms

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