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Transcriptome profile analyses of head kidney in roach (Rutilus rutilus), common bream (Abramis brama) and their hybrids: does infection by monogenean parasites in freshwater fish reveal differences in fish vigour among parental species and their hybrids?

ABSTRACT: Hybrid generations usually face either a heterosis advantage or a breakdown that can be expressed by the level of parasite infection in hybrid hosts. Hybrids are less infected by parasites than parental species (especially F1 generations) or more infected than parental species (especially post-F1 generations). We performed the experiment with blood-feeding gill parasite Paradiplozoon homoion (Monogenea) infecting leuciscid species, Abramis brama and Rutilus rutilus, their F1 generation, and two backcross generations. Backcross generations tended to be more parasitized than parental lines and the F1 generation. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was lower in F1 hybrids and higher in backcross hybrids when compared to each of the parental lines. The main groups of DEGs were shared among lines, however, Abramis brama and Rutilus rutilus differed in some of the top gene ontology (GO) terms. DEG analyses revealed the role of heme binding and erythrocyte differentiation after infection by blood-feeding P. homoion. Two backcross generations shared some of the top GO terms representing mostly downregulated genes associated with P. homoion infection. KEGG analysis revealed the importance of disease-associated pathways. The majority of them were shared by two backcross generations. Our study revealed the most pronounced DEGs associated with monogenean infection in backcross hybrids, potentially explained by hybrid breakdown. The gene expression of F1 hybrids was little affected by P. homoion, suggesting the hybrid advantage.

ORGANISM(S): Abramis brama Rutilus rutilus Rutilus rutilus x Abramis brama

PROVIDER: GSE240906 | GEO | 2023/10/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Genetic analyses of speciation have focused nearly exclusively on retrospective analyses of reproductive isolation between highly divergent species. Yet, a full understanding of the speciation process must encompass analysis of the consequences of genomic divergence in young lineages still capable of exchanging genes under natural conditions. The accumulation of conditionally neutral genetic variation may lead to the evolution of divergent gene networks. In a hybrid background, such mutations may no longer compensate one another, resulting in the appearance of selectively disadvantageous traits, including disruption of gene expression regulation. Here, we documented genome-wide patterns of gene expression divergence between young lineages of normal and dwarf lake whitefish and their backcross hybrids for which strong, yet incomplete post-zygotic isolation barriers exist. A significant proportion (33%) of backcross hybrids showed developmental abnormalities not seen in parental forms and eventually leading to death. While the transcriptome of parental forms was nearly identical during embryonic development, suggesting a role for stabilizing selection, all hybrids displayed strongly divergent patterns of gene expression. By comparing healthy, surviving hybrids against moribund ones, we observed that over 2000 genes were misregulated in these abnormal embryos. In particular, misregulation was significantly biased towards essential developmental genes which were strongly underexpressed. Furthermore, genes previously documented to be highly transgressive (exaggerated inter-individual variance) were almost invariably underexpressed in hybrids. Our results thus clearly showed a transcriptome-wide signature of hybrid breakdown in young, incipient species and demonstrated a persuasive link between misexpression of essential developmental genes and post zygotic isolation. Samples of dwarf, normal, backcross-healthy and backcross-moribund were hybridized in a loop design, involving eight biological replicates for the backcross-healthy and backcross-moribund comparison and six for the others. Dye swap was performed between each replicate. As a result, we obtained a final set of 32 microarray slides.

Dataset Information

Transcriptome profile analyses of head kidney in roach (Rutilus rutilus), common bream (Abramis brama) and their hybrids: does infection by monogenean parasites in freshwater fish reveal differences in fish vigour among parental species and their hybrids?

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