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Transcriptional reprogramming of neural stem cells by a PHF6/EphR signalling pathway [ChIP-Seq]

ABSTRACT: The plant homeodomain zinc finger protein,PHF6, is a transcriptional regulator, with its germline mutations causing the X-linked intellectual disability (XLID), Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS).The precise mechanisms by whichPHF6regulates transcription and how its mutant forms lead to XLID remain poorly characterized. Here, we show genome-wide binding of PHF6 in the developing cortex, most of which overlap (CA)n-microsatellite repeats near genes involved in central nervous system development and neurogenesis. Mice harbouring BFLS patient mutations exhibit defects in neurogenesis and altered neural stem cell fate. Mechanistically, we find that PHF6 regulatesa panel of Ephrin receptors (EphRs)and that PHF6regulation ofEphRis impaired in BFLS mice and ina conditionalPhf6knock-out mouse model. We report that mice harboring BFLS mutations exhibit an increase in embryonic neural stem cell (eNSC) self-renewal, a significant attenuation of newly born neurons, and thatEphRknockdown phenocopies the PHF6 loss-of-function defects in altering eNSC fate. Our results suggest that alterations in eNSC fate specification via a PHF6/EphRtranscriptional pathway leads to impaired neurogenesis in BFLS

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE247836 | GEO | 2024/02/07

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Transcriptional reprogramming of neural stem cells by a PHF6/EphR signalling pathway [RNA-seq]

Project description:The plant homeodomain zinc finger protein,PHF6, is a transcriptional regulator, with its germline mutations causing the X-linked intellectual disability (XLID), Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS).The precise mechanisms by whichPHF6regulates transcription and how its mutant forms lead to XLID remain poorly characterized. Here, we show genome-wide binding of PHF6 in the developing cortex, most of which overlap (CA)n-microsatellite repeats near genes involved in central nervous system development and neurogenesis. Mice harbouring BFLS patient mutations exhibit defects in neurogenesis and altered neural stem cell fate. Mechanistically, we find that PHF6 regulatesa panel of Ephrin receptors (EphRs)and that PHF6regulation ofEphRis impaired in BFLS mice and ina conditionalPhf6knock-out mouse model. We report that mice harboring BFLS mutations exhibit an increase in embryonic neural stem cell (eNSC) self-renewal, a significant attenuation of newly born neurons, and thatEphRknockdown phenocopies the PHF6 loss-of-function defects in altering eNSC fate. Our results suggest that alterations in eNSC fate specification via a PHF6/EphRtranscriptional pathway leads to impaired neurogenesis in BFLS

2024-02-07 | GSE247837 | GEO

Phf6-null hematopoietic stem cells have enhanced self-renewal capacity and oncogenic potentials

Project description:Plant homeodomain finger gene 6 (PHF6) encodes a 365-amino-acid protein containing two plant homology domain fingers. Germline mutations of human PHF6 cause Börjeson–Forssman–Lehmann syndrome, a congenital neurodevelopmental disorder. Loss-of-function mutations of PHF6 are detected in patients with acute leukemia, mainly of T cell lineage and in a small proportion of myeloid lineage. The functions of PHF6 in physiological hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis remain incompletely defined. To address this question, we generated a conditional Phf6 knockout mouse model and investigated the impact of Phf6 loss on the hematopoietic system. We found that Phf6 knockout mice at 8-week age had reduced numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood compared to the wild-type littermates. There were decreased granulocyte-monocytic progenitors but increased Lin-c-Kit+Sca-1+ (LSK) cells in the marrow of young Phf6 knockout mice. Functional studies including competitive repopulation unit and serial transplantation assays revealed an enhanced reconstitution and self-renewal capacity in Phf6 knockout hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Aged Phf6 knockout mice had myelodysplasia-like presentations including decreased platelet counts, megakaryocyte dysplasia, and enlarged spleen related to extramedullary hematopoiesis. Moreover, we found that Phf6 loss lowered the threshold of NOTCH1-induced leukemic transformation at least partially through increased leukemia-initiating cells. Transcriptome analysis on the restrictive rare HSC subpopulations revealed upregulated cell cycling and oncogenic functions, with alteration of expression of key genes in those pathways. In summary, our studies demonstrate the in vivo crucial roles of Phf6 in physiological and malignant hematopoiesis.

2019-08-21 | GSE129465 | GEO

Transgenic mice with an R342X mutation in Phf6 have reduced protein levels and behavior deficits yet few prominent features of Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann Syndrome (BFLS).

Project description:The PHF6 mutation, R342X, is a recurrent cause of Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann Syndrome (BFLS), a neurodevelopmental disorder (MIM#301900). We generated transgenic mice with the identical substitution using CRISPR technology. We show that the R342X mutation causes a reduction in PHF6 protein levels, in both mice and humans, from nonsense mediated decay and nonsense-associated alternative splicing. MRI studies indicated that R342X mice had a reduced brain volume on a mixed genetic background but developed hydrocephaly and a high incidence of postnatal death on a C57BL/6 background. Cortical development proceeded normally while hippocampus and hypothalamus relative brain volumes were reduced. Behavior testing demonstrated deficits in associative learning, spatial memory and an anxiolytic phenotype, although other BFLS clinical features were not observed in the R342X mice. We performed RNA-seq analysis on the cerebral cortices of neonatal R342X mice with the purpose of finding a relationship between gene expression profiles, the behavioral phenotype and the cortical morphology.

2022-11-28 | GSE156404 | GEO

Molecular and clinical analyses of PHF6 mutant myeloid neoplasia provide clues as to their pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting

Project description:PHF6 mutations (PHF6MT) are identified in various myeloid neoplasms (MN). However, little is known about the precise function and consequences of PHF6 in MN. Our comprehensive genomic analyses focused on three main findings. Firstly, we revealed a different pattern of genes correlating with PHF6MT in male and female cases. When analyzing male and female cases separately, in only male cases, RUNX1 and U2AF1 were co-mutated with PHF6. In contrast, female cases revealed co-occurrence of ASXL1 mutations and X-chromosome deletions with PHF6MT. Next, proteomics analysis revealed a direct interaction between PHF6 and the pioneer transcription factor RUNX1. Both proteins co-localize in active enhancer regions that define the context of lineage differentiation. Finally, we demonstrated a negative prognostic role of PHF6MT, especially in association with RUNX1. The negative effects on survival were additive as PHF6MT cases with RUNX1 mutations had worse outcomes when compared to cases carrying single mutation or wild-type.

2023-11-21 | PXD042441 | Pride

RNA sequencing of isogenic Phf6 wild type and Phf6 knockout mouse T-ALL cells

Project description:Loss-of-function mutations Phf6 occur frequently in both adult and pediatric T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL). Although Phf6 is widely expressed, little is known about its proposed function as epigenetic regulator and tumor suppressor. To address the role of Phf6 in the leukemia development, here we analyze by RNAseq the gene expression profiles of isogenic Phf6 wild type and Phf6 knockout leukemia cells transformed by overexpression of an oncogenic mutant form of the NOTCH1 receptor.

2019-07-31 | GSE117165 | GEO

Mutations in FAM50A suggest that Armfield XLID syndrome is a spliceosomopathy (zebrafish)

Project description:Intellectual disability (ID) is a heterogeneous clinical entity and includes an excess of males who harbor variants on the X-chromosome (XLID). We report rare FAM50A missense variants in the original Armfield XLID syndrome family localized in Xq28 and four additional unrelated males with overlapping features. Our fam50a knockout (KO) zebrafish model exhibits abnormal neurogenesis and craniofacial patterning, and in vivo complementation assays indicate that the patient-derived variants are hypomorphic. RNA sequencing analysis from fam50a KO zebrafish show dysregulation of the transcriptome, with augmented spliceosome mRNAs and depletion of transcripts involved in neurodevelopment. Zebrafish RNA-seq datasets show a preponderance of 3’ alternative splicing events in fam50a KO, suggesting a role in the spliceosome C complex. These data are supported with transcriptomic signatures from cell lines derived from affected individuals and FAM50A protein-protein interaction data. In sum, Armfield XLID syndrome is a spliceosomopathy associated with aberrant mRNA processing during development.

2020-05-02 | GSE145711 | GEO

Mutations in FAM50A suggest that Armfield XLID syndrome is a spliceosomopathy (human)

2020-05-02 | GSE145710 | GEO

Molecular and clinical analyses of PHF6 mutant myeloid neoplasia provide clues as to their pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting.

2023-11-21 | GSE229948 | GEO

MYT1L haploinsufficiency in human neurons and mice causes autism-associated phenotypes that can be reversed by genetic and pharmacologic intervention

Project description:MYT1L is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-associated transcription factor that is expressed in virtually all neurons throughout life. How MYT1L mutations cause neurological phenotypes and whether they can be targeted remains enigmatic. Here, we examine the effects of MYT1L deficiency in human neurons and mice. Mutant mice exhibit neurodevelopmental delays with thinner cortices, behavioural phenotypes, and gene expression changes that resemble those of ASD patients. MYT1L target genes, including WNT and NOTCH, are activated upon MYT1L depletion and their chemical inhibition can rescue delayed neurogenesis in vitro. MYT1L deficiency also causes upregulation of the main cardiac sodium channel, SCN5A, and neuronal hyperactivity, which could be restored by shRNA-mediated knockdown of SCN5A or MYT1L overexpression in postmitotic neurons. Acute application of the sodium channel blocker, lamotrigine, also rescued electrophysiologic defects in vitro and behaviour phenotypes in vivo. Hence, MYT1L mutation causes both developmental and postmitotic neurological defects. However, acute intervention can normalise resulting electrophysiological and behavioural phenotypes in adulthood.

2023-02-20 | PXD037867 | Pride

Next Generation Sequencing Facilitates Quantitative Analysis of Wild Type and EedcKO Forebrain Transcriptomes

Project description:The histone methyltransferase complex PRC2 is a crucial chromatin modifier and controls key steps in developmental transitions and cell fate choices. Mutations in PRC2 core subunits are found in Weaver syndrome with craniofacial defects, intellectual disabilities, and often macrocephaly, but its pathogenicity and molecular mechanism are unknown. Here, we examined the role of PRC2/Eed in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) during cortical neurogenesis We found that Eed is highly expressed in embryonic cerebral cortex and specific deletion of Eed in forebrain reduced the number of upper layer neurons but not deeper layer neurons and ultimately contributed to abnormal cortical development. In addition, our results revealed that PRC2/Eed regulated Hedgehog signaling pathway through activation of Gli3 not dependent on H3K27me3 but H3K27ac. What?s more, Increased Gli3 in NSPCs could reduce Gli1 expression and contribute to the defects of cortical neurogenesis caused by Eed deletion. Finally, Hedgehog signaling activation with small molecule SAG or genetic inactivation of Ptch1 could partially rescue the cortical neurogenesis defects in vivo after Eed depletion. In general, we identified a novel PRC2/Eed-Gli3-Gli1 regulatory axis that is critical for normal cortical neurogenesis. Our findings define a critical function for PRC2/Eed in cortical development and shed light on the genetic basis of intellectual disabilities of neural developmental disorders caused by PRC2/Eed mutation.

2022-09-21 | GSE169395 | GEO

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