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RFX6 facilitates aerobic glycolysis-mediated growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through targeting PGAM1 [ChIP-Seq]

ABSTRACT: Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells undergo reprogramming of glucose metabolism to support uncontrolled proliferation, of which the intrinsic mechanism still merits further investigation. Although regulatory factor X6 (RFX6) is aberrantly expressed in different cancers, its precise role in cancer development remains ambiguous. Methods: Microarrays of HCC tissues were employed to investigate the expression of RFX6 in tumor and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. Functional assays were employed to explore the role of RFX6 in HCC development. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), untargeted metabolome profiling, and sequencing were performed to identify potential downstream genes and pathways regulated by RFX6. Metabolic assays were employed to investigate the effect of RFX6 on glycolysis in HCC cells. Bioinformatics databases were used to validate the above findings. Results: HCC tissues exhibited elevated expression of RFX6. High RFX6 expression represented as an independent hazard factor correlated to poor prognosis in patients with HCC. RFX6 deficiency inhibited HCC development in vitro and in vivo, while its overexpression exerted opposite functions. Mechanistically, RFX6 bound to the promoter area of PGAM1 and upregulated its expression. The increased PGAM1 protein levels enhanced glycolysis and further promoted the development of HCC. Conclusions: RFX6 acted as a novel driver for HCC development by promoting aerobic glycolysis, disclosing the potential of the RFX6-PGAM1 axis for therapeutic targeting.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE248063 | GEO | 2023/12/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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RFX6 facilitates aerobic glycolysis-mediated growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through targeting PGAM1 [RNA-Seq]

Project description:Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells undergo reprogramming of glucose metabolism to support uncontrolled proliferation, of which the intrinsic mechanism still merits further investigation. Although regulatory factor X6 (RFX6) is aberrantly expressed in different cancers, its precise role in cancer development remains ambiguous. Methods: Microarrays of HCC tissues were employed to investigate the expression of RFX6 in tumor and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. Functional assays were employed to explore the role of RFX6 in HCC development. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), untargeted metabolome profiling, and sequencing were performed to identify potential downstream genes and pathways regulated by RFX6. Metabolic assays were employed to investigate the effect of RFX6 on glycolysis in HCC cells. Bioinformatics databases were used to validate the above findings. Results: HCC tissues exhibited elevated expression of RFX6. High RFX6 expression represented as an independent hazard factor correlated to poor prognosis in patients with HCC. RFX6 deficiency inhibited HCC development in vitro and in vivo, while its overexpression exerted opposite functions. Mechanistically, RFX6 bound to the promoter area of PGAM1 and upregulated its expression. The increased PGAM1 protein levels enhanced glycolysis and further promoted the development of HCC. Conclusions: RFX6 acted as a novel driver for HCC development by promoting aerobic glycolysis, disclosing the potential of the RFX6-PGAM1 axis for therapeutic targeting.

2023-12-20 | GSE248062 | GEO

PKM2 functions as a histidine kinase to phosphorylate PGAM1 to increase glycolysis shunts in cancer

Project description:Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is a key-node enzyme that diverts the metabolic intermediates from glycolysis into its shunts to support macromolecule biosynthesis for rapid and sustainable cell proliferation. It is prevalent that PGAM1 activity is upregulated in various tumors; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we unveil that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) moonlights as a histidine kinase in a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent manner to catalyze PGAM1 H11 phosphorylation, that is essential for PGAM1 activity. Moreover, the dimeric or monomeric PKM2 in tumor cells phosphorylates PGAM1 more efficiently than the tetrameric one. In response to epidermal growth factor (EGF), Src signaling triggered PGAM1 Y119 phosphorylation is a prerequisite for PKM2 binding and the subsequent H11 phosphorylation of PGAM1, which constitutes the discrepancy between tumor cells and normal ones. A PGAM1-derived pY119-containing cell-permeable peptide or Y119 mutation disrupts the interaction of PGAM1 with PKM2 and its H11 phosphorylation, and eventually dampens the glycolysis shunts and tumor growth. We not only identifes a histidine kinase function of PKM2, but also illustrates an enzymes-cross-talk regulatory mode during metabolic reprogramming.

2024-03-21 | PXD049235 | Pride

PKM2 functions as a histidine kinase to phosphorylate PGAM1 to increase glycolysis shunts in cancer-Cellular lipid level assessment

Project description:Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is a key node enzyme that diverts the metabolic reactions from glycolysis into its shunts to support macromolecule biosynthesis for rapid and sustainable cell proliferation. It is prevalent that PGAM1 activity is upregulated in various tumors; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we unveil that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) moonlights as a histidine kinase in a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent manner to catalyze PGAM1 H11 phosphorylation, that is essential for PGAM1 activity. Moreover, monomeric and dimeric PKM2 are efficient to phosphorylate and activate PGAM1, while the tetrameric PKM2 is not. In response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling, Src-catalyzed PGAM1 Y119 phosphorylation is a prerequisite for PKM2 binding and the subsequent PGAM1 H11 phosphorylation, which constitutes the discrepancy between tumor cells and normal ones. A PGAM1-derived pY119-containing cell-permeable peptide or Y119 mutation disrupted the interaction of PGAM1 with PKM2 and its H11 phosphorylation, and eventually dampened the glycolysis shunts and tumor growth. We not only identified a function of PKM2 as a histidine kinase, but also illustrated an enzymes-cross-talk regulatory mode during metabolic reprogramming.

2024-03-21 | PXD049310 | Pride

Expression profile of BAT and gWAT from adipose tissue-specific Pgam1 deficient mice

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2022-04-11 | GSE186030 | GEO

Gene expression profile of gWAT SVF from adipose tissue-specific Pgam1 deficient mice

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Proteomics Study Reveals Involvement of Lysine Acetylation in Metabolic Disorder in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Project description:Protein lysine acetylation is a vital post-translational modification (PTM) that plays important roles in biological processes and human diseases. However, its potential roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remain largely unknown. Here we performed a quantitative acetylome analysis of tumor and normal liver tissues from HCC patients. Overall, we identified 792 lysine acetylation sites in 415 proteins, and almost half of their acetylation levels were significantly changed in HCC tumor tissues. The acetylated proteins mainly consisted of metabolic enzymes, which was consistent with the subcellular location analysis that they were primarily located in mitochondria and cytoplasm. Consistently, Bioinformatics analysis showed that differently acetylated proteins were mainly involved in metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and glutamine metabolism. Then we selected two down-regulated enzymes and verified their acetylation levels in HCC liver tissues. In addition, transcription factors and proteins associated with oxidative stress were identified with aberrant acetylation levels in HCC tumor tissues. Our findings illustrate abundant lysine acetylation sites in HCC liver tissues, which provides insight into the role of lysine acetylation in HCC development, and further contributes to possible implications for its use in diagnose and therapy in the future.

2021-06-14 | PXD014915 | Pride

An allosteric PGAM1 inhibitor effectively suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Project description:Glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) plays a critical role in cancer metabolism by coordinating glycolysis and biosynthesis. A well-validated PGAM1 inhibitor, however, has not been reported for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. By uncovering the elevated PGAM1 expressions were statistically related to worse prognosis of PDAC in a cohort of 50 patients, we developed a series of allosteric PGAM1 inhibitors by structureguided optimization. The compound KH3 significantly suppressed proliferation of various PDAC cells by down-regulating the levels of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in correlation with PGAM1 expression. Similar to PGAM1 depletion, KH3 dramatically hampered the canonic pathways highly involved in cancer metabolism and development. Additionally, we observed the shared expression profiles of several signature pathways at 12 h aftertreatment in multiple PDAC primary cells of which the matched patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models responded similarly toKH3 in the 2 wk treatment. The better responses to KH3 in PDXs were associated with higher expression of PGAM1 and longer/stronger suppressions of cancer metabolic pathways. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a strategy of targeting cancermetabolism by PGAM1 inhibition in PDAC. Also, this work provided “proof of concept” for the potential application of metabolictreatment in clinical practice.

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2017-06-23 | PXD005715 | Pride

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