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FER kinase governs invasive tumor growth through dynamic control of oncogenic growth factor receptor activity

ABSTRACT: EGFR antagonism using monoclonal antibodies remains the only approved and targeted first line treatment option for non-resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), yielding a modest 13% response rate. While it is clear that alternative growth factor receptor (GFR) signals govern refractory behavior towards EGFR antagonism, it remains unknown which upstream mechanisms control subcellular GFR activation. Here, we show that FER, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, controls invasive tumor growth through dynamic GFR activation and recycling. Using patient derived organoid (PDO) models HNSCC we demonstrate that FER is essential for invasive growth in collagen extracellular matrix (ECM) networks. We show that inactivation of FER impairs growth factor dependent phosphorylation of EGFR-Y1068 and MET-Y1234/5. Additionally, FER controls ligand dependent endocytic recycling, and endocytic velocity, implying multifactorial functional regulation of proximal receptors during HNSCC invasion. Loss of function experiments using either genetic intervention or a FER PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) strategy in PDO-based xenograft mouse models, demonstrate that FER is essential for invasive growth and metastasis of HNSCC. Finally, we demonstrate direct clinical relevance by showing that FER expression levels correlate with poor survival in HNSCC patients. In sum, we conclude that FER is a master regulator of HNSCC invasive growth and metastasis, and nominate FER as a prominent candidate for targeted clinical intervention in HNSCC patients.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE255878 | GEO | 2024/03/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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FER drives tumor progression cues of invasive breast cancer cells through kinase-dependent control of proliferation and endosomal recycling

Project description:Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a poorly targetable cancer subtype that exhibits a high metastatic potential. To develop new intervention strategies, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms governing migratory and invasive features of TNBC cells. Previously it was shown that high expression of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase FER is an independent prognostic factor that correlates with poor survival in high grade and basal breast cancer. Here, we show that FER controls proliferation and invasion of TNBC cells through the direct substrates MAPK1 and Dynactin 2 (DCTN2; Dynamitin). Our data demonstrate that FER regulates tumor cell proliferation through phosphorylation of MAPK1 on tyrosine 187, and recycling endosome function and subsequent invasion of breast cancer cells through tyrosine 6 residue (Y6) of DCTN2. We show that DCTN2-Y6 is essential for Dynein complex formation and the development of tubular recycling domains at the early endosome. By controlling this crucial step in endosomal recycling, FER drives and sustains adhesion and invasion of (triple negative) breast cancer cells. Our data provide clinical ramification by demonstrating that high grade and basal breast cancers expressing elevated FER levels are more susceptible to taxane-based chemotherapy interventions. In conclusion, our study links FER to kinase-dependent control of intracellular vesicular transport and tumor progression in breast cancer. Importantly, our results indicate that FER represents a predictive and functional biomarker in high grade basal breast cancers.

2022-04-15 | PXD021307 | Pride

An Inducible TGF-Î²2-TGFÎ²R Pathway Modulates the Sensitivity of HNSCC Cells to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Dominant Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Project description:The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in approximately 90% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and molecularly targeted therapy against the EGFR with the monoclonal antibody cetuximab modestly increases overall survival in head and neck cancer patients. We hypothesize that co-signaling through additional pathways limits the efficacy of cetuximab and EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the clinical treatment of HNSCC. Analysis of gene expression changes in HNSCC cell lines treated 4 days with TKIs targeting EGFR and/or fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) identified transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-Î²2) induction in the three cell lines tested. Measurement of TGF-Î²2 mRNA validated this observation and extended it to additional cell lines. Moreover, TGF-Î²2 mRNA was increased in primary patient HNSCC xenografts treated for 4 weeks with cetuximab, demonstrating in vivo relevance of these findings. Functional genomics analyses with shRNA libraries identified TGF-Î²2 and TGF-Î² receptors (TGFÎ²Rs) as synthetic lethal genes in the context of TKI treatment. Further, direct RNAi-mediated silencing of TGF-Î²2 inhibited cell growth, both alone and in combination with TKIs. Also, a pharmacological TGFÎ²RI inhibitor similarly inhibited basal growth and enhanced TKI efficacy. In summary, the studies support a TGF-Î²2-TGFÎ²R pathway as a TKI-inducible growth pathway in HNSCC that limits efficacy of EGFR-specific inhibitors. HNSCC cell lines treated 4 days with TKIs targeting EGFR and/or fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) identified transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-Î²2) induction in the three cell lines tested

2016-03-22 | E-GEOD-67500 | biostudies-arrayexpress

N-Glycosylation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Derived from Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells with beta-Catenin/CREB-Binding Protein (CBP) Inhibition

Project description:Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy in the world; oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) account for the majority of HNSCC cases. A major driver of OSCC is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) with 12 N-glycosylation sites whose activity is aberrantly upregulated in 80-90% of tumors. EGFR antennary-fucosylated glycans have been shown to suppress EGFR dimerization and signaling in lung adenocarcinoma. High levels of fucosylated glycan epitopes have also been observed in OSCC, but invasive regions lose expression of linkage-specific fucosylated epitopes, suggesting that certain fucosylated glycans are involved in the suppression of cell growth and invasion. We found that EGFR from metastatic HSC-3 cells has low levels of fucosylated N-glycans, while EGFR from non-metastatic CAL27 cells shows higher levels of fucosylation at multiple EGFR glycosylation sites including sites N420 and N579, via nUPLC-MS/MS. In cell culture and in mouse tumor xenografts, treatment with ICG-001, a small molecule inhibitor of the interaction between nuclear -catenin and CREB-binding protein (CBP) resulted in higher expression of FUT2 and FUT3, higher fucosylation of EGFR at sites N420 and N579, and decreased EGFR abundance. In addition, we have performed in-depth characterization of multiply-fucosylated N-glycans via glycopeptide tandem mass spectrometry to understand which fucosylated glycan epitopes are involved in the observed effect.

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Genome-wide gene expression analysis of EGFR inhibitor erlotinib-resistant and -sensitive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines Cal-27, SCC-25, FaDu, and SQ20B

Project description:Despite the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) development and progression, clinical trials involving EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have yielded poor results in HNSCC patients. Mechanisms of acquired resistance to the EGFR TKI erlotinib was investigated by developing erlotinib-resistant HNSCC cell lines (Cal-27, SCC-25, FaDu, and SQ20B) and comparing their gene expression profiles with their parental erlotinib-sensitive HNSCC cell lines using microarray analyses. Subsequent pathway and network analyses displayed a significant upregulation in immune response pathways. Role of immune/inflammatory signaling in acquired resistance to erlotinib in HNSCC was investigated.

2014-10-07 | GSE62061 | GEO

An Inducible TGF-β2-TGFβR Pathway Modulates the Sensitivity of HNSCC Cells to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Dominant Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Project description:The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in approximately 90% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and molecularly targeted therapy against the EGFR with the monoclonal antibody cetuximab modestly increases overall survival in head and neck cancer patients. We hypothesize that co-signaling through additional pathways limits the efficacy of cetuximab and EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the clinical treatment of HNSCC. Analysis of gene expression changes in HNSCC cell lines treated 4 days with TKIs targeting EGFR and/or fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) identified transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) induction in the three cell lines tested. Measurement of TGF-β2 mRNA validated this observation and extended it to additional cell lines. Moreover, TGF-β2 mRNA was increased in primary patient HNSCC xenografts treated for 4 weeks with cetuximab, demonstrating in vivo relevance of these findings. Functional genomics analyses with shRNA libraries identified TGF-β2 and TGF-β receptors (TGFβRs) as synthetic lethal genes in the context of TKI treatment. Further, direct RNAi-mediated silencing of TGF-β2 inhibited cell growth, both alone and in combination with TKIs. Also, a pharmacological TGFβRI inhibitor similarly inhibited basal growth and enhanced TKI efficacy. In summary, the studies support a TGF-β2-TGFβR pathway as a TKI-inducible growth pathway in HNSCC that limits efficacy of EGFR-specific inhibitors.

2016-03-22 | GSE67500 | GEO

Functional RNAi Screens Define Distinct Protein Kinase Vulnerabilities in EGFR-Dependent HNSCC Cell Lines

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2020-01-29 | GSE132788 | GEO

SILAC-based proteomic approach to delineate molecular alterations associated with erlotinib resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Project description:Although Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in 90% of Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Clinical trials with EGFR-targeted small molecule inhibitors such as erlotinib have shown a modest activity in recurrent or advanced HNSCC. To investigate the acquired mechanisms of erlotinib resistance we employed SILAC-based total proteomic analysis of an isogenic pair of erlotinib sensitive (SCC-S) and resistant (SCC-R) HNSCC cell line. This resulted in the identification of 5,427 proteins of which 532 proteins were overexpressed and 527 proteins were downregulated in SCC-R cells as compared to SCC-S cells (≥2 fold). Several proteins known to mediate erlotinib resistance in HNSCC and lung cancer were found to be dysregulated. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins showed enrichment of proteins involved in focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway downstream of EGFR. We identified CUB-domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) and integrin β1 as upstream regulators of FAK signalling pathway to be overexpressed. We further demonstrated that CDCP1 and FAK can be targeted in combination as an alternative to erlotinib in HNSCC.

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SILAC-based quantitative tyrosine phosphoproteomic profiling identifies alternative therapeutic targets to erlotinib in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Project description:Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in 90% of Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Clinical trials with EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as erlotinib have shown a modest activity in HNSCC alternate mechanisms of resistance are acquired. To investigate these acquired mechanisms of resistance and identify novel therapeutic targets we employed SILAC-based tyrosine phosphoteomic analysis of an isogenic pair of erlotinib sensitive (SCC-S) and resistant (SCC-R) HNSCC cell line. Quantitative phosphotyrosine profiling revealed 98 phosphopeptides belonging to 64 proteins and 66 phosphopeptides belonging to 52 proteins to be hyper and hypophosphorylated (≥2 fold) in SCC-R cells, respectively. Several proteins such MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) and CRK like proto-oncogene, adaptor protein (CRKL) known to mediate erlotinib resistance in HNSCC and lung cancer were found to be dysregulated. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially phosphorylated proteins showed enrichment of proteins involved in focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway downstream of EGFR. We identified and validated activation of several phosphorylation sites of protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2) in SCC-R cells and its downstream targets. We further demonstrated that CUB-domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1), an upstream regulator of PTK2 activity and PTK2 can be targeted in combination as an alternative to erlotinib in HNSCC.

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