Unfolded protein response is activated in leukocyte RNA from patients with severe heat stroke
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ABSTRACT: Compared to normal subjects, patients with severe heat stroke showed altered expression of RNAs, especially those involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response.
Project description:Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition characterized by loss of thermoregulation and severe elevation of core body temperature, which can cause organ failure and damage to the central nervous system. While no definitive test exists to measure heat stroke severity, immune challenge is known to increase heat stroke risk, although the mechanism of this increased risk is unclear. In this study, we used a mouse model of classic heat stroke to test the effect of immune challenge on pathology. Employing multivariate supervised machine learning to identify patterns of molecular and cellular markers associated with heat stroke, we found that prior viral infection simulated with poly I:C injection resulted in heat stroke presenting with high levels of factors indicating coagulopathy. Despite a decreased number of platelets in the blood, platelets are large and non-uniform in size, suggesting younger, more active platelets. Levels of D-dimer and soluble thrombomodulin were increased in more severe heat stroke, and in cases presenting with the highest level of organ damage markers D-dimer levels dropped, indicating potential fibrinolysis-resistant thrombosis. Genes corresponding to immune response, coagulation, hypoxia, and vessel repair were up-regulated in kidneys of heat-challenged animals, and these increases correlated with both viral treatment and distal organ damage while appearing before discernible tissue damage to the kidney itself. We conclude that heat stroke-induced coagulopathy may be a driving mechanistic force in heat stroke pathology, especially when exacerbated by prior infection, and that coagulation markers may serve as an accessible biomarker for heat stroke severity and therapeutic strategies.
Project description:These experiments aim to detect changes in the transcript (mRNA) of cardiac tissue when animals are exposed to high temperatures and heat stroke occurs due to the increase in environmental temperature. The research objectives include: 1) detecting changes in transcripts (mRNA) of heart tissue during heat stroke caused by elevated environmental temperatures; 2) Detecting transcripts that can serve as biomarkers for heat stroke induced myocardial injury.
Project description:Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha (ERO1α) is an endoplasmic reticulum stress–related gene, which improves cell perseverance against challenges of high levels of protein misfolding during endoplasmic reticulum stress by retaining good activity of oxidative protein folding. Numerous studies have shown abnormal expression of ERo1α in various diseases, but its downstream target are not fully understood. Our work will help in the elucidation of the downstream molecular mechanism of ERO1α.
Project description:We found a heat-resistant jujube cultivar in our previous study, but the molecular mecanism of heat-resistantance remained investigated. In the current study, we made this seedlings of jujube cultivar to be under heat stress (45°C) for 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days respectively. After checking the phenotypic and physiological features, the leaf samples (HR0, HR1, HR3, HR5 and HR7) were collected accordingly. RNA-seq transcriptome comparisons were performed, showing that 2266, 4907, 6120 and 2894 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among HR1 vs. HR0, HR3 vs. HR0, HR5 vs. HR0, and HR7 vs. HR0 respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of the DEGs from these comparisons. it revealed that a series of biological processes involved in photosynthesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and metabolism, suggesting that lowering or upregulating these processes may contribute to improved heat resistance in this jujube cultivar.
Project description:To cope with a challenging and unpredictable environment, living systems have evolved several organelle-specific stress responses, e.g. the cytosolic heat shock response (HSR), the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER) and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). UPRmt monitors mitochondrial function and homeostasis in general. However, the mechanism of UPRmt remains largely unexplored. Here we identified that histone deacetylase HDA-1 is associated with homeobox domain-containing protein DVE-1 in UPRmt activation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Knocking down ATP synthase subunit atp-2 generates mitochondrial stress and induces UPRmt. After analyzing the mRNA profiles of worms on L4440 RNAi, hda-1 RNAi or dve-1 RNAi and untreated or treated with atp-2 RNAi, we found that 283 hda-1_dependent genes and 218 dve-1_dependent genes were upregulated in response to atp-2 RNAi.
Project description:The hepatic unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress that is important in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases. In this study, we utilized liver biopsies from patients after liver transplantation as a disease model to determine the transcriptional profile and hepatic UPR gene expression that is associated with liver injury and cholestasis.