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Effect of high muscle and low muscle reserves on longissimus dorsi transcriptome in late gestation dairy cows and the impact of branched chain volatile fatty acid supplmentation.

ABSTRACT: The amount of muscle reserves of dairy cattle in late gestation is related to production performance including calf size and milk yield in the postpartum. Branched-chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFA) supplementation may close energy gaps experienced in late gestation dairy cows, as relative to unsupplmented control it increases blood glucose levels. Our objective was to compare longissimus dorsi muscle transcriptomes and morphology between cows with high muscle (HM) versus low muscle (LM) reserves and in response to BCVFA supplementation. At 42 d before expected calving (BEC) Holstein dairy cows were enrolled in a 2 x 2 factorial study of diet and muscle reserves, by assigning to control (CON) or BCVFA supplemented diets and HM or LM groups based on depth of longissimus dorsi at 42 d BEC. We biopsied the longisumus dorsi at 21 d BEC, isolated total RNA, ribo-depleted samples and sequenced RNA using paired end reads. After trimming, DSeq2 was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG). Using a raw p-value cut-off of <0.05, 713 DEG were identified between HM and LM groups and 481 DEG between BCVFA and CON. Transcriptional signatures and morphology indicated differential distribution of Type II fibers between muscle groups, with MYH1 (encods type IIx) greater in LM and MYH2 (encodes type IIA) greater in HM cattle. LM cattle relative to HM showed transcriptome evidence for activation of autophagy, ubiquitin-proteasome, and Ca2+-calpain pathways. HM cattle expressed higher levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and factors that regulate ECM proteolysis and turnover. Genes that regulate fatty acid degradation and flux of carbons into the TCA cycle as acetyl CoA were increased by BCVFA supplementation. HM and LM cattle have distinct molecular signatures that indicate differences in type II fiber distribution and potentially different metabolic strategies to close energy and amino acid gaps due to metabolic demands in late gestation, whereas BCVFA supplementation increases substrates for energy generation.

ORGANISM(S): Bos taurus

PROVIDER: GSE267667 | GEO | 2025/06/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:In dairy cows, administration of high dosages of niacin (NA) was found to cause anti-lipolytic effects, which are mediated by the NA receptor hydroxyl-carboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2) in white adipose tissue (WAT), and thereby to an altered hepatic lipid metabolism. However, almost no attention has been paid to possible direct effects of NA in cattle liver, despite showing that HCAR2 is expressed also in the liver of cattle and is even more abundant than in WAT. Due to this, we hypothesized that feeding of rumen-protected NA to dairy cows influences critical metabolic and/or signaling pathways in the liver through inducing changes in the hepatic transcriptome. In order to identify these pathways, we applied genome-wide transcript profiling in liver biopsies obtained at 1 wk postpartum (p.p.) from dairy cows of a recent study (Zeitz et al., 2018) which were fed a total mixed ration without (control group) or with rumen-protected NA from 21 d before calving until 3 wk p.p. Hepatic transcript profiling revealed that a total of 487 transcripts were differentially expressed [filter criteria fold change (FC) > 1.2 or FC < -1.2 and P < 0.05] in the liver at 1 wk p.p. between cows fed NA and control cows. Substantially more transcripts were down-regulated (n = 338), while only 149 transcripts were up-regulated by NA in the liver of cows. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for the up-regulated transcripts revealed that the most enriched gene ontology (GO) biological process terms were exclusively related to immune processes, such as leukocyte differentiation, immune system process, leukocyte differentiation, activation of immune response and acute inflammatory response. In line with this, the plasma concentration of the acute phase protein haptoglobin tended to be increased in dairy cows fed rumen-protected NA compared to control cows (P < 0.1). GSEA of the down-regulated transcripts showed that the most enriched biological process terms were related to metabolic processes, such as cellular metabolic process, small molecule metabolic process, lipid catabolic process, organic cyclic compound metabolic process, small molecule biosynthetic process and cellular lipid catabolic process. In conclusion, hepatic transcriptome analysis shows that rumen-protected NA induces genes which are involved mainly in immune processes including acute phase response and stress response in dairy cows at wk 1 p.p. These findings indicate that supplementation of rumen-protected NA to dairy cows in the periparturient period may induce or amplify the systemic inflammation-like condition which is typically observed in the liver of high-yielding dairy cows in the p.p. period.

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Effect of high muscle and low muscle reserves on longissimus dorsi transcriptome in late gestation dairy cows and the impact of branched chain volatile fatty acid supplmentation.

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