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The small molecule Pifithrin–α deactivates ETR1 to repress shade avoidance in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT: Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) commonly occurs in plants sensing shading and the proximity of neighbors, leading to morphological and physiological changes that are detrimental to plant health and consequently crop yield. Controlling SAS could prove beneficial for sustainable agriculture.Here, we performed a phenotype-based chemical screen in Arabidopsis and identified pfifithrin (PFT-α) as a compound that suppresses shade-induced hypocotyl elongation and gene expression. Through genetic, biochemical, and molecular approaches, we demonstrated that PFT-α mimics ethylene by deactivating the ethylene receptor ETR1. This action influences the expression of Phytochrome-Interacting Factors (PIF4 and PIF7) and subsequently inhibits shade-induced hypocotyl elongation. Our findings suggest that PFT-α, acting as a potent ethylene mimic, plays a crucial role in hormone-regulated plant development and holds promise for modulating SAS in agricultural contexts.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE272795 | GEO | 2025/07/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Temporal and spatial frameworks supporting plant responses to vegetation proximity

Project description:After perception of vegetation proximity by the phytochrome photoreceptors, shade-avoider plants initiate a set of responses known as the Shade Avoidance Syndrome (SAS). Shade perception by the phytochrome B (phyB) photoreceptor unleashes the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) and initiates SAS responses. In Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, shade perception involves rapid and massive changes in gene expression, increases auxin production and promotes hypocotyl elongation. Other components, such as phyA and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), also participate in the shade regulation of the hypocotyl elongation response by repressing it. However, it remains unclear why and how so many regulators with either positive or negative activities modulate the same response. Our physiological, genetic, cellular and transcriptomic analyses showed that (1) these components are organized in two main branches or modules (phyA/HY5 and PIFs/HFR1/SAV3) and (2) the connection between them is dynamic and changes with the time of shade exposure. We propose a model for the regulation of shade-induced hypocotyl elongation in which the temporal and spatial functional importance of the various SAS regulators analyzed in here helps to explain the co-existence of differentiated regulatory branches with overlapping activities. Despite the temporal differences observed between phyA, HY5 and PIFs/HFR1/SAV3, their activities overlap and eventually converge in controlling hypocotyl elongation. Hence, we aimed to further investigate possible convergence points between these two groups of regulators.To expand our understanding of the role and interaction of HY5 and PIF4, PIF5 and PIF7 (PIF457) activities, we carried out RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of seedlings exposed to different times of shade exposure of four genotypes: wild-type (Col-0), the single mutant hy5, the triple pif457 and the quadruple hy5 pif457.

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PIF7 is the master regulator of thermomorphogenesis in shade [ChIP-seq]

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PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 7 and RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6 act in shade avoidance memory in Arabidopsis

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2024-07-29 | GSE268785 | GEO

Epigenetic reprogramming orchestrates transcriptional responses in shade avoidance syndrome of Arabidopsis

Project description:For shade-intolerant plants, changes in light quality indicative of competition from neighboring plants trigger shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). PYHTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 7 is the major transcriptional regulator of SAS in Arabidopsis. However, the epigenetic reprogramming under shade is poorly understood. To identify the histone chaperone ASF1 and HIRA function during SAS, we performed transcriptome deep sequencing (RNA-seq) to search for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing transcript levels between Col-0 and pif7-1, asf1ab, or hira-1 seedlings during white light and shade conditions. Our data shown that histone chaperone ASF1, through interacting with PIF7 and helping of HIRA, positively regulates shade-induced genes expression.

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Project description:Plants have evolved shoot elongation mechanisms to escape from diverse environmental stresses such as flooding and vegetative shade. The apparent similarity in growth responses suggests possible convergence of the signalling pathways. Shoot elongation is mediated by passive ethylene accumulating in flooded plant organs and by changes in light quality and quantity under vegetation shade. Here we study hypocotyl elongation as a proxy for shoot elongation and delineated Arabidopsis hypocotyl length kinetics in response to ethylene and shade. Based on these kinetics, we further investigated ethylene and shade-induced genome-wide gene expression changes in hypocotyls and cotyledons separately. Both treatments induced a more extensive transcriptome reconfiguration in the hypocotyls compared to the cotyledons. Bioinformatics analyses suggested contrasting regulation of growth promotion- and photosynthesis-related genes. These analyses also suggested an induction of auxin, brassinosteroid and gibberellin signatures and the involvement of several candidate regulators in the elongating hypocotyls. Pharmacological and mutant analyses confirmed the functional involvement of several of these candidate genes and physiological control points in regulating stress-escape responses to different environmental stimuli. We discuss how these signaling networks might be integrated and conclude that plants, when facing different stresses, utilise a conserved set of transcriptionally regulated genes to modulate and fine tune growth. 1 day old Arabidopsis seedlings were subjected to control, ethylene and shade conditions. Hypocotyl and cotyledon tissues were harvested at 1.5 h, 13.5 h and 25.5 h of treatment time respectively. Microarray hybridization was carried out with 3 biological replicates (collected over 3 independent experiments) of each sample using the Affymetrix Arabidopsis Gene 1.1 ST platform.

2016-06-10 | E-GEOD-83212 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Hypocotyl and cotyledon transcriptome in Arabidopsis thaliana treated with 1 ppm ethylene and shade (low PAR, low blue and low R:FR)

2016-06-10 | GSE83212 | GEO

PIF7 is the master regulator of thermomorphogenesis in shade [RNA-seq]

Project description:The size and shape of plant organs are highly responsive to the local environmental conditions. The embryonic stem, or hypocotyl, of the plant is one such organ that displays impressive phenotypic plasticity, and its length is affected by both light and temperature. After sensing surrounding vegetation, hypocotyls of shade avoiding species elongate to outcompete neighbouring plants and secure access to sunlight. A similar elongation response occurs when the plants are grown in high ambient temperatures. Previous studies have shown that this response is mediated by a family of transcription factors called PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs). However, it is poorly understood how environmental light and temperature interact to affect plants at the morphological and molecular levels. Here, we examine the genetic and molecular basis of the response to low R/FR under warm ambient temperatures. We found that low R/FR combined with warm temperature dominantly regulate by PIF7 and exhibit a synergistic effect on hypocotyl growth, greater than either stimulus alone. While the synergistic response was dependent on PIF7 and the plant hormone auxin, we demonstrate that additional, yet unknown key factor/s must be involved, likely working downstream of the phyB-PIF-auxin module. As shade responses are known to affect crop yield and fruit quality in many species, our findings will improve the predictions of how plants will respond to increased ambient temperatures when grown at high density, a condition in which mutual shading occurs. In addition, we point out key factors in this response that can potentially be modulated to minimize the negative effect on yield.

2022-07-26 | GSE196725 | GEO

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Project description:In seedlings, the induction of shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) involves a rapid up-regulation for known shade marker genes and subsequently activates an interacting network of various hormones that will eventually lead to cell elongation. We found that the B-box protein AtBBX24 have positive effects on the SAS (positive regulators). Global expression analysis of col and bbx24 seedlings reveals that a large number of genes involved in hormonal signaling pathways are positively regulated by BBX24 in response to simulated shade.

2015-01-08 | GSE64755 | GEO

Genome-wide effect of BBX28 on the transcriptional response under shade in Arabidopsis thaliana

Project description:Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is a strategy of major adaptive significance that includes the elongation of vegetative structures and leaf hyponasty. Major transcriptional rearrangements underlie for the reallocation of resources to elongate vegetative structures and redefine the plant architecture under shade to compete for photosynthesis light. BBX28 is a transcription factor involved in seedling de-etiolation and flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana, but its function in the SAS is completely unknown. Here we studied the function of BBX28 in the regulation of gene expression under simulated shade conditions.

2024-03-15 | GSE217723 | GEO

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