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Ezh2 and intracellular Ca2+ signals interdependently coordinate GVHD and CAR T cell responses [RNA-seq_1]

ABSTRACT: During graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Ca2+ signals are crucial for the establishment of T cell alloim-munity, however, excessive or prolonged Ca2+ signals lead to T cell death and dysfunction. How alloreac-tive T cells regulate a delicate regulate intracellular Ca2+ response to induce GVHD remains poorly defined. We demonstrate that Ezh2 acts as Ca2+ signaling brake to limit excessive intracellular Ca2+ responses in activated T cells, thereby promoting survival of alloreactive T cells that mediate GVHD. Ezh2 loss resulted in enhanced intracellular Ca2+ responses and upregulation of gene programs that promote effector differen-tiation in activated T cells. Conditional deletion of Stim1 (which mediates cytosolic Ca2+ entry) synthetical-ly rescued antigen-activated non-viable Ezh2-null T cells and their capacity to induce GVHD. Ezh2 re-pressed the expression of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptor 2 (Itpr2) to modulate intracellular Ca2+ responses. Deleting Itpr2 in Ezh2-null T cells reduced cy-tosolic Ca2+ entry, improved their capacity to mediate GVHD and eliminate leukemia in mice. Our findings identify that Ezh2 is a master regulator of Ca2+ signals in antigen-driven T cells. Furthermore, selectively heightening intracellular Ca2+ signals in alloreactive T cells may lead to new strategies to control GVHD.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE275045 | GEO | 2026/07/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Ezh2 and intracellular Ca2+ signals interdependently coordinate GVHD and CAR T cell responses [RNA-seq_2]

Project description:During graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Ca2+ signals are crucial for the establishment of T cell alloim-munity, however, excessive or prolonged Ca2+ signals lead to T cell death and dysfunction. How alloreac-tive T cells regulate a delicate regulate intracellular Ca2+ response to induce GVHD remains poorly defined. We demonstrate that Ezh2 acts as Ca2+ signaling brake to limit excessive intracellular Ca2+ responses in activated T cells, thereby promoting survival of alloreactive T cells that mediate GVHD. Ezh2 loss resulted in enhanced intracellular Ca2+ responses and upregulation of gene programs that promote effector differen-tiation in activated T cells. Conditional deletion of Stim1 (which mediates cytosolic Ca2+ entry) synthetical-ly rescued antigen-activated non-viable Ezh2-null T cells and their capacity to induce GVHD. Ezh2 re-pressed the expression of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptor 2 (Itpr2) to modulate intracellular Ca2+ responses. Deleting Itpr2 in Ezh2-null T cells reduced cy-tosolic Ca2+ entry, improved their capacity to mediate GVHD and eliminate leukemia in mice. Our findings identify that Ezh2 is a master regulator of Ca2+ signals in antigen-driven T cells. Furthermore, selectively heightening intracellular Ca2+ signals in alloreactive T cells may lead to new strategies to control GVHD.

2026-07-08 | GSE275046 | GEO

Expression Profile of alloreactive CD8 and CD4 induced regulatory T cells

Project description:Adoptive natural regulatory T cell (nTreg) therapy has improved the outcome for patients suffering from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). However, fear of broad immune suppression and subsequent dampening of beneficial graft-versus-leukemic (GVL) responses remains a challenge. To address this concern, we generated alloreactive induced Tregs (iTregs) from resting CD4 or CD8 T cells and tested their ability to suppress GVH and maintain GVL responses. We utilized major mismatched and haploidentical murine models of HCT with host-derived lymphoma or leukemia cell lines to evaluate GVH and GVL responses simultaneously. Alloreactive CD4 iTregs were effective in preventing GVHD, but abrogated the GVL effect against aggressive leukemia. Alloreactive CD8 iTregs moderately attenuated GVHD while sparing the GVL effect. Hence, we reasoned that using a combination of CD4 and CD8 iTregs could achieve the optimal goal of allo-HCT. Indeed, the combinational therapy was superior to CD4 or CD8 iTreg singular therapy in GVHD control; importantly, the combinational therapy maintained GVL responses. Cellular analysis uncovered potent suppression of both CD4 and CD8 effector T cells by the combinational therapy that resulted in effective prevention of GVHD, which could not be achieved by either singular therapy. Gene expression profiles revealed alloreactive CD8 iTregs possess elevated expression of multiple cytolytic molecules compared to CD4 iTregs, which likely contributes to GVL preservation. Our study uncovers unique differences between alloreactive CD4 and CD8 iTregs that can be harnessed to create an optimal iTreg therapy for GVHD prevention with maintained GVL responses.

2016-11-17 | GSE75118 | GEO

GVHD-mediated Vicious Cascade: Impaired Reconstitution of Immunosuppressive Donor Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

Project description:In patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is tied to failed donor plasmacytoid DC (pDC) reconstitution. The mechanism whereby GVHD causes donor pDC defects and the precise role donor pDCs play in GVHD remain poorly understood. pDCs develop from HSCs in successive stages through Flt3 signaling-dependent differentiation, beginning as multi-potent progenitors (MPPs) and later becoming common DC progenitors. We observed that MPPs were critical for sustaining pDCs and were severely depleted during GVHD. Loss of MPPs was associated with decreased amounts of MPP-producing HSCs and mTOR activation-induced cell death of proliferating MPPs. Additionally, GM-CSF derived from alloreactive T cells subverted MPP production of pDCs. Together, GVHD and alloreactive T cells caused donor pDC defects by impairing the generation, maintenance and differentiation of HSCs and MPPs. Importantly, pDCs suppressed the proliferation and expansion of activated autologous CD4+ T cells via a type I-IFN signaling-dependent mechanism. Transfer of donor pDCs early after transplantation repressed GVHD and preserved potent GVL effects, significantly improving the survival of leukemia mice undergoing allo-HSCT. Our findings identify novel strategies that improve the recovery of donor pDCs early after allo-HSCT and thus may represent an effective therapy to control GVHD. Our findings have broad implications for other diseases in which functional DC development is impaired, such as chronic infections, autoimmunity and cancer.

2021-01-06 | GSE143788 | GEO

Identification and tracking of alloreactive T cell clones in Rhesus Macaques (RM) through the RM-scTCR-Seq platform

Project description:T cell receptor clonotype tracking is a powerful tool for interrogating T cell mediated immune processes We apply this method to a Rhesus Macaque model of Graft Versus Host Disease (GvHD), and identify and track in vitro detected alloreactive clonotypes in GvHD target organs and explore their GvHD driven cytotoxic T cell signature.

2021-12-21 | GSE190268 | GEO

Gene expression profile of STIM1 deficiency for cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC)

2014-07-01 | GSE38733 | GEO

CD4 T cell-derived IL-2 counteracts rapamycin-mediated suppression of CD8 T cell effector differentiation in acute GvHD

Project description:Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains a major limitation in the success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, is used to control alloreactive T cell responses, but its effects on differentiation of donor T cell subsets in vivo are not fully understood. We previously identified two major subsets of alloreactive CD8⁺ T cells that arise during acute GvHD, including TCF1⁺ progenitor-like and Tim-3⁺ terminal effector populations. In this study, we examined how rapamycin influences the activation, circulation, and differentiation states of donor CD8⁺ T cells in murine acute GvHD models, both with and without donor CD4⁺ T cell help. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on donor-derived T cells collected from multiple experimental conditions to define the transcriptional programs associated with rapamycin treatment, CD4⁺ T cell involvement, and effector commitment. This dataset enables further investigation of the cellular mechanisms regulating T cell differentiation during GvHD under mTOR inhibition.

2026-06-01 | GSE313537 | GEO

Calcineurin inhibition rescues alloantigen-specific central memory T cell subsets and promotes chronic GVHD

Project description:Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) constitute the backbone of modern acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) prophylaxis regimens but have limited efficacy in the prevention and treatment of chronic GVHD (cGVHD). We investigated the effect of CNIs on immune tolerance after stem cell transplantation with discovery-based single cell gene expression and T-cell receptor (TCR) assays of clonal immunity in tandem with traditional protein-based approaches and preclinical modeling. While CNIs suppress the clonal expansion in CD8+ T-cells, alloreactive CD4+ T-cell clusters preferentially expanded during GVHD. Moreover, CNIs mediated reversible dose-dependent suppression of T cell activation and all stages of donor T-cell exhaustion but favored the differentiation to central memory T-cells. Critically, CNIs promoted the expansion of both polyclonal and TCR-specific alloreactive central memory CD4+ T-cells with high self-renewal capacity that mediated cGVHD following drug withdrawal. In contrast to post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy), CSA was ineffective in eliminating IL-17A-secreting alloreactive T cell clones that mediate cGVHD. Collectively, we show that although CNIs attenuate aGVHD, they paradoxically rescue alloantigen-specific central memory T-cells, especially within the CD4+ compartment in lymphoid and GVHD target tissues, thus predisposing to cGVHD. These data provide further evidence to caution against CNI-based immune suppression without concurrent approaches that eliminate alloreactive T-cell clones.

2024-04-30 | GSE255545 | GEO

Molecular plasticity of regulatory T cells in allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Project description:Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is still one of the major complications following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) triggered by alloreactive donor T cells. Whereas murine data have clearly shown the beneficial effects of regulatory T cells (Tregs) on the development of GvHD, data from the human system are rare mainly due to low cell numbers of circulating or organ-infiltrating Tregs in lymphopenic patients. Here, we present a comparative analysis of Tregs from patients with and without acute/ chronic GvHD designed as a dynamical approach studying the whole genome profile over the first 6 months after SCT. For this purpose, blood samples were collected monthly for FACS-based isolation of CD4+CD25highCD127low/- Tregs. The Treg transcriptome showed a high stability in the first half year representing the most sensitive time window for tolerance induction. However, the comparison of the Treg transcriptome from patients with and without GvHD uncovered regulated gene transcripts that point to a reduced suppressive function of Tregs with diminished migration capacity to the target organs likely contributing to the development of GvHD. These findings highlight the critical role of human Tregs in the pathophysiology of GvHD and identify novel targets for the manipulation of Tregs to optimize cellular immune intervention strategies. Keywords: cell type comparison Relative gene expressions were determined by normalized intensity values. GeneSpring analysis was performed using the Treg transcriptome data with following comparisons: no GvHD d90 versus no GvHD d150, no GvHD d90 versus acute GvHD, no GvHD d150 versus chronic GvHD, acute GvHD versus chronic GvHD, acute GvHD versus GvHD d90 and chronic GvHD versus GvHD d150 (Figure 2). Cut-off was a transcript fold change of 2 or -2 in at least one comparison. Student´s t-test was used to identify significant expression changes.

2010-12-31 | E-GEOD-23332 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression profile of STIM1 deficiency for cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC)

Project description:STIM1 is a Ca2+ sensor of intracellular Ca2+ stores and essentially activates the Ca2+ entry channels of the plasma membrane. STIM1 is predicted to activate transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels and Orai channels, and has a critical role in promoting the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Gene array experiments were performed to analyze the effects of STIM1 deficiency using total RNA from the left ventricles of WT sham, WT TAC, STIM1KO sham and STIM1KO TAC 4 weeks after the operation.

2014-07-01 | E-GEOD-38733 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Loss of STIM1/2 in salivary glands disrupts ANO1 function but does not induce Sjögren’s syndrome.

Project description:Primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by xerostomia (dry mouth), lymphocytic infiltration into salivary glands and the presence of SSA and SSB autoantibodies. Xerostomia is caused by hypofunction of the salivary glands and has been considered a driver in pSS development. Saliva production is regulated by sympathetic input into the gland initiating intracellular Ca2+ signals that activate the store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) pathway eliciting sustained Ca2+ influx. SOCE is mediated by the STIM1 and STIM2 proteins and the ORAI1 Ca2+ channel. However, there are no studies on the effects of lack of STIM1/2 function in salivary acini in animal models or its impact on pSS. Here we report that male and female mice lacking Stim1 and Stim2 (Stim1/2K14Cre) in salivary glands hyposalivate upon pilocarpine stimulation and showed reduced intracellular Ca2+ levels via SOCE in parotid acini. Bulk RNASeq of the parotid glands of Stim1/2K14Cre showed a decrease in Stim1/2 genes but not in other Ca2+ associated genes mediating saliva fluid secretion, yet SOCE was functionally required for the activation of the Ca2+ activated chloride channel ANO1. Ageing Stim1/2K14Cre mice showed no evidence of lymphocytic infiltration in the glands or elevated levels of SSA or SSB autoantibodies in the serum which may be linked to the downregulation of the toll-like receptor 8 (Tlr8) in Stim1/2K14Cre mice. This is supported by an increase in TLR8 gene expression in a salivary gland cell line following SOCE stimulation. Moreover, salivary gland biopsies of pSS patients showed increased STIM1 and TLR8 expression. These results implicate SOCE as an important activator of ANO1 and saliva fluid secretion in salivary glands but loss of SOCE does not result in pSS. Importantly, our data suggest a link between SOCE and TLR8 signaling which may have implications in inflammatory responses in salivary glands.

2025-02-19 | GSE251691 | GEO

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