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Project description:As is well known, nutrition is essential for plant growth and development. Extensive research has demonstrated that the target of rapamycin (TOR) is a crucial growth regulator, receiving nutritional inputs in eukaryotic cells. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms by which TOR coordinates nutrient conditions and growth remain elusive in plants. In this study, we identified a novel transcriptional repression complex, TRCG, downstream of the TOR signaling pathway. This complex is responsible for regulating plant growth and the nutritional response. In the presence of favorable nutritional conditions, TOR is activated, leading to the translation of the 5’-terminal oligopyrimidine (5’-TOP) mRNA of TRCG. TRCG directly binds numerous nutrition-responsive genes, particularly those belonging to the ERF family of transcription factors, to repress their transcription. This repression is achieved by influencing the initiation and elongation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), thereby maintaining growth and development. In the absence of nutritional conditions, TOR activity is inhibited, resulting in the repression of TRCG translation. This, in turn, relieves the repression of nutrient response genes, causing a stagnation of growth and poor nutrient resistance, thus contributing to the survival of the plant. Moreover, we observed a higher histone H3 and H4K5 acetylation level in the TRCG targets. Acetylated chromatin has long been associated with transcriptional activation, suggesting that TRCG could bind to acetylated chromatin to repress transcriptional activation. Our findings elucidate a previously unidentified precise mechanism by which TOR-mediated transcriptional repression occurs through the stimulation of translation, thereby regulating plant growth and the nutritional response.
2025-08-11 | GSE276446 | GEO
Project description:As is well known, nutrition is essential for plant growth and development. Extensive research has demonstrated that the target of rapamycin (TOR) is a crucial growth regulator, receiving nutritional inputs in eukaryotic cells. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms by which TOR coordinates nutrient conditions and growth remain elusive in plants. In this study, we identified a novel transcriptional repression complex, TRCG, downstream of the TOR signaling pathway. This complex is responsible for regulating plant growth and the nutritional response. In the presence of favorable nutritional conditions, TOR is activated, leading to the translation of the 5’-terminal oligopyrimidine (5’-TOP) mRNA of TRCG. TRCG directly binds numerous nutrition-responsive genes, particularly those belonging to the ERF family of transcription factors, to repress their transcription. This repression is achieved by influencing the initiation and elongation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), thereby maintaining growth and development. In the absence of nutritional conditions, TOR activity is inhibited, resulting in the repression of TRCG translation. This, in turn, relieves the repression of nutrient response genes, causing a stagnation of growth and poor nutrient resistance, thus contributing to the survival of the plant. Moreover, we observed a higher histone H3 and H4K5 acetylation level in the TRCG targets. Acetylated chromatin has long been associated with transcriptional activation, suggesting that TRCG could bind to acetylated chromatin to repress transcriptional activation. Our findings elucidate a previously unidentified precise mechanism by which TOR-mediated transcriptional repression occurs through the stimulation of translation, thereby regulating plant growth and the nutritional response.
2025-08-11 | GSE276444 | GEO
Project description:Nutrient-driven TOR signaling mediates transcriptional repression by promoting translation to regulate plant growth
| PRJNA1157385 | ENA
Project description:Nutrient-driven TOR signaling mediates transcriptional repression by promoting translation to regulate plant growth [ChIP-seq]
| PRJNA1157391 | ENA
Project description:Nutrient-driven TOR signaling mediates transcriptional repression by promoting translation to regulate plant growth [RNA-seq]
| PRJNA1157390 | ENA
Project description:Plants, unlike animals, have plastic organ growth that is largely dependent on environmental information. However, so far, little is known about how this information is perceived and transduced into coherent growth and developmental decisions. Here, we report that the growth of Arabidopsis is positively correlated with the level of expression of the TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase. Diminished or augmented expression of the AtTOR gene results in a dose-dependent decrease or increase, respectively, in organ and cell size, seed production and resistance to osmotic stress. Strong downregulation of AtTOR expression by inducible RNA interference also leads to a post-germinative halt in growth and development, which phenocopies the action of the plant hormone abscisic acid, to an early senescence and to a reduction in the amount of translated messenger RNA. Thus, we propose that the AtTOR kinase is one of the contributors to the link between environmental cues and growth processes in plants.
| S-EPMC1973950 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The present study was aimed to isolate indigenous plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) from Nanmangalam reserve forest, India and to analyze their positive impact on nursery plant species. In total, 160 isolates were obtained from different nitrogen-free Media (LGI, JMV, NFB). Amongst these, 12 isolates were shown positive for 5-8% of ammonia production nif H positive and then isolates were further tested for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) activity. Based on their PGP activity, nine isolates were selected, and applied in nurseries of twelve native plant species, along with organic manure and inorganic fertilizer. All the isolates were shown positive effects when compared to control. In that, five of these bacterial isolates, Paenibacillus sp. RRB2, Azospirillum brasilense RRAK5, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis RRD8, Burholdria kururiensis RRAK1, and Pseudomonas stutzeri RRAN2, enhanced biomass production in several trees.
| S-EPMC5829267 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nutrients and energy have emerged as central modulators of developmental programmes in plants and animals1-3. The evolutionarily conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is a master integrator of nutrient and energy signalling that controls growth. Despite its key regulatory roles in translation, proliferation, metabolism and autophagy2-5, little is known about how TOR shapes developmental transitions and differentiation. Here we show that glucose-activated TOR kinase controls genome-wide histone H3 trimethylation at K27 (H3K27me3) in Arabidopsis thaliana, which regulates cell fate and development6-10. We identify FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM (FIE), an indispensable component of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which catalyses H3K27me3 (refs. 6-8,10-12), as a TOR target. Direct phosphorylation by TOR promotes the dynamic translocation of FIE from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Mutation of the phosphorylation site on FIE abrogates the global H3K27me3 landscape, reprogrammes the transcriptome and disrupts organogenesis in plants. Moreover, glucose-TOR-FIE-PRC2 signalling modulates vernalization-induced floral transition. We propose that this signalling axis serves as a nutritional checkpoint leading to epigenetic silencing of key transcription factor genes that specify stem cell destiny in shoot and root meristems and control leaf, flower and silique patterning, branching and vegetative-to-reproduction transition. Our findings reveal a fundamental mechanism of nutrient signalling in direct epigenome reprogramming, with broad relevance for the developmental control of multicellular organisms.
| S-EPMC9530021 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play an important role in plant growth and rhizosphere soil. In order to evaluate the effects of PGPR strains on tea plant growth and the rhizosphere soil microenvironment, 38 PGPR strains belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria with different growth-promoting properties were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tea plants. Among them, two PGPR strains with the best growth-promoting properties were then selected for the root irrigation. The PGPR treatment groups had a higher Chlorophyll (Chl) concentration in the eighth leaf of tea plants and significantly promoted the plant height and major soil elements. There were significant differences in microbial diversity and metabolite profiles in the rhizosphere between different experimental groups. PGPR improved the diversity of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms and enhanced the root metabolites through the interaction between PGPR and tea plants. The results of this research are helpful for understanding the relationship between PGPR strains, tea plant growing, and rhizosphere soil microenvironment improvement. Moreover, they could be used as guidance to develop environmentally friendly biofertilizers with the selected PGPR instead of chemical fertilizers for tea plants.
| S-EPMC11434996 | biostudies-literature
Project description:An increase in nutrient dose leads to proportional increases in crop biomass and agricultural yield. However, the molecular underpinnings of this nutrient dose-response are largely unknown. To investigate, we assayed changes in the Arabidopsis root transcriptome to different doses of nitrogen (N)-a key plant nutrient-as a function of time. By these means, we found that rate changes of genome-wide transcript levels in response to N-dose could be explained by a simple kinetic principle: the Michaelis-Menten (MM) model. Fitting the MM model allowed us to estimate the maximum rate of transcript change (V max), as well as the N-dose at which one-half of V max was achieved (K m) for 1,153 N-dose-responsive genes. Since transcription factors (TFs) can act in part as the catalytic agents that determine the rates of transcript change, we investigated their role in regulating N-dose-responsive MM-modeled genes. We found that altering the abundance of TGA1, an early N-responsive TF, perturbed the maximum rates of N-dose transcriptomic responses (V max), K m, as well as the rate of N-dose-responsive plant growth. We experimentally validated that MM-modeled N-dose-responsive genes included both direct and indirect TGA1 targets, using a root cell TF assay to detect TF binding and/or TF regulation genome-wide. Taken together, our results support a molecular mechanism of transcriptional control that allows an increase in N-dose to lead to a proportional change in the rate of genome-wide expression and plant growth.
| S-EPMC7293603 | biostudies-literature