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S-nitrosylation of IRF7 induced by NOS1 expression in Melanoma suppresses anti-tumor immunity [scRNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) produced by nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) plays an important immunosuppressive role in the tumor microenvironment. In melanoma, NOS1 expression was increased with tumor progression and correlated with tumor immune escape through inhibition on type I interferon (IFN) signaling. However, the immune regulatory role and its related mechanism of NOS1 and its impacts on immune therapy such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in melanoma is unclear. Here, we found that NOS1 expression induced IRF7 modification by s-nitrosylation at C435 site in mouse (C481 in human), which functionally promotes tumor growth in mouse models. Mechanically, IRF7-C435-SNO inhibited IFNβ transcription under PRR signal activation, leading to disorder in initiation of type I interferons response in melanoma cell. In melanoma mouse model, IRF7-C435-SNO decreased infiltration and activation of CD8 T cells in tumor microenvironment, by reducing antigen presentation processes in tumor cells and inhibits the maturation of DC1. Clinically, high expression of NOS1 correlated with poor survival prognosis and resistance with to ICB anti-tumor therapies in melanoma cases with less immune cell infiltration. Our study suggested that NOS1 expression in melanoma characterizes IFN-I signal disorders in response to innate immune stimulation by IRF7 s-nitrosylation. Targeting NOS1 signaling might benefit for overcome of immune therapeutically resistance particularly in immune cold melanoma phenotype.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE279235 | GEO | 2025/10/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Hypermethylation of helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells occurs more frequently in men than women. Progressive epigenetic silencing of HLTF in tumor cells is accompanied by negligible expression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cell line-derived xenografts were established in control (Hltf+/+) and Hltf-deleted male Rag2-/-IL2rg-/- mice by direct orthotopic microinjection of HLTF+/+HCT116 cells into the submucosa of the cecum. Combinatorial induction of IL6 and S100A8/A9 in the Hltf-deleted TME with ICAM-1 and IL8 in the primary tumor activated a positive feedback loop. The proinflammatory niche produced a major shift in CDX metastasis to peritoneal dissemination compared to controls. Inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) gene expression and transactivation of the iNOS-S100A8/A9 signaling complex in Hltf-deleted TME reprogrammed the human S-nitroso-proteome. S-nitroso (SNO) proteins POTEE, TRIM52 and UN45B are S-nitrosylated on the conserved I/L-X-C-X2-D/E motif indicative of iNOS-S100A8/A9-mediated S-nitrosylation. 2D-DIGE and protein identification by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry authenticated S-nitrosylation of 53 individual cysteines in half-site motifs (I/L-X-C or C-X-X-D/E) in CDX tumors. POTEE-SNO in CDX tumors is both a general S-nitrosylation target and an iNOS-S100A8/A9 site-specific (Cys638) target in the Hltf-deleted TME. REL is an example of convergence of transcriptomic-S-nitroso-proteomic signaling. The gene is transcriptionally activated in CDX tumors with an Hltf-deleted TME, and REL-SNO (Cys143) is found in primary CDX tumors and all metastatic sites. Primary CDX tumors from Hltf-deleted TME shared 60% of their S-nitroso-proteome with all metastatic sites. Forty percent of SNO-proteins from primary CDX tumors were variably expressed at metastatic sites. Global S-nitrosylation of proteins in pathways related to cytoskeleton and motility is strongly implicated in the metastatic dissemination of CDX tumors. Hltf-deletion from the TME plays a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and links protein S-nitrosylation in primary CDX tumors with spatiotemporal continuity in metastatic progression even when the tumor cells express HLTF.

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S-nitrosylation of IRF7 induced by NOS1 expression in Melanoma suppresses anti-tumor immunity [scRNA-seq]

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