Genome-scale epigenetic reprogramming during epithelial to mesenchymal transition
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE28291 | GEO | 2011/07/03
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA143201
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an extreme example of cell plasticity, important for normal development, injury repair, and malignant progression. Widespread epigenetic reprogramming occurs during stem cell differentiation and malignant transformation, but EMT-related epigenetic reprogramming is poorly understood. Here we investigated epigenetic modifications during TGF-β-mediated EMT. While DNA methylation was unchanged during EMT, we found global reduction of the heterochromatin mark H3-lys9 dimethylation (H3K9Me2), increase of the euchromatin mark H3-lys4 trimethylation (H3K4Me3), and increase of the transcriptional mark H3-lys36 trimethylation (H3K36Me3). These changes were largely dependent on lysine-specific deaminase-1 (LSD1), and LSD1 loss-of-function experiments showed marked effects on EMT-driven cell migration and chemoresistance. Genome-scale mapping revealed that chromatin changes were largely specific to large organized heterochromatin K9-modifications (LOCKs), suggesting that EMT is characterized by reprogramming of specific chromatin domains across the genome. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was performed with antibodies against H3K9Me2 (Abcam, ab1220), H3K36Me3 (ab9050), and H3K4Me3 (ab8580) on native (unfixed) chromatin isolated from fully differentiated mouse AML12 cells (confluent, serum starved for 48hrs) either treated with TGF-β for 36hrs to induce EMT or not treated with TGF-β (0hrs, differentiated AML12 cells). DNA purified from these samples was then either whole-genome amplified (H3K36Me3 and H3K4Me3) and hybridized or directly (H3K9Me2) hybridized to NimbleGen 2.1M economy whole-genome tiling arrays #2 (listed below as array 1) and #3 (listed below as array 2), which cover mouse chromosomes 4-14. For each sample, the immunoprecipitated DNA (IP) and the input (control) DNA were hybridized to the arrays, and the IP is normalized to the input. There are 16 total samples listed below. There are 8 sample for H3K9Me2 (TGF-β and no TGF-β for arrays 1 and 2, done in replicate for a total of 8). There are 4 samples for H3K36Me3 (TGF-β and no TGF-β done on array 1 and array 2). There are 4 total samples for H3K4Me3 (TGF-β and no TGF-β done on array 1 and array 2).
2011-07-03 | E-GEOD-28291 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:TGF-β plays an important part in the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in many malignancies. TGF-β may have pro- and anti-tumour effects in cancer cells, depending on the context and microenvironment. On the other hand, epigenetic alterations are becoming increasingly significant in a variety of biological activities. Aberrations in epigenetic processes can cause gene function to be disrupted, as well as malignant cellular change. Understanding the role of H3K9me3 in cancer survival is becoming increasingly popular. A worldwide drop in the heterochromatin mark H3 Lys9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), an increase in the euchromatin mark H3 Lys4 trimethylation (H3K9me3), and an increase in the transcriptional mark H3 Lys36 trimethylation were discovered during TGF-β induced EMT (H3K36me3). Our study focuses on locating globally H3K9me3 related regions in response to TGF-β since TGF-β and H3K9me3 play an essential role in carcinogenesis. To further understand the role and process of H3K9me3 alteration in TGF-β induced EMT, ChIP-Sequencing was done in PC-3 prostate cancer cells.
2022-08-10 | GSE191096 | GEO
Project description:Heterochromatin is a specialized form of chromatin that restricts access to DNA and inhibits genetic processes, including transcription and recombination. In Neurospora crassa, constitutive heterochromatin is characterized by trimethylation of lysine 9 on histone H3, hypoacetylation of histones, and DNA methylation. Here we explore whether the conserved histone demethylase, lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), regulates heterochromatin in Neurospora, and if so, how. Though LSD1 is implicated in heterochromatin regulation, its function is inconsistent across different systems; orthologs of LSD1 have been shown to either promote or antagonize heterochromatin expansion by removing H3K4me or H3K9me respectively. We identify three members of the Neurospora LSD complex (LSDC): LSD1, PHF1, and BDP-1, and strains deficient for any exhibit variable spreading of heterochromatin and establishment of new heterochromatin domains dispersed across the genome. Heterochromatin establishment outside of canonical domains in Neurospora share the unusual characteristic of DNA methylation-dependent H3K9me3; typically, H3K9me3 establishment is independent of DNA methylation. Consistent with this, the hyper-H3K9me3 phenotype of LSD1 knock-out strains is dependent on the presence of DNA methylation, as well as HCHC-mediated histone deacetylation, suggesting spreading is dependent on some feedback mechanism. Altogether, our results suggest LSD1 works in opposition to HCHC to maintain proper heterochromatin boundaries.
2021-07-21 | PXD017300 | Pride
Project description:Histones modulate gene expression by chromatin compaction, regulating numerous processes such as differentiation. However, the mechanisms underlying histone degradation remain elusive. When compared with their differentiated counterparts, immortal human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have a unique chromatin architecture and low levels of trimethylated histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me3), a heterochromatin-associated modification. Here we assess a link between the intrinsic epigenetic landscape and ubiquitin-proteasome system of hESCs. We find that hESCs exhibit high expression of UBE2K, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Loss of UBE2K increases the levels of H3K9 trimethyltransferase SETDB1, resulting in H3K9 trimethylation and repression of neurogenic genes during differentiation. Concomitantly, loss of UBE2K impairs the ability of hESCs to differentiate into neural progenitors with neurogenic properties. Besides H3K9 trimethylation, we find that UBE2K binds histone H3 to induce its polyubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Notably, ubc-20, the worm orthologue of UBE2K, also regulates both histone H3 levels and H3K9 trimethylation in C. elegans germline. Thus, our results indicate that UBE2K crosses evolutionary boundaries to promote histone H3 degradation and reduce H3K9me3 repressive marks in immortal cells.
2020-06-01 | PXD018621 | Pride
Project description:Histones modulate gene expression by chromatin compaction, regulating numerous processes such as differentiation. However, the mechanisms underlying histone degradation remain elusive. When compared with their differentiated counterparts, immortal human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have a unique chromatin architecture and low levels of trimethylated histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me3), a heterochromatin-associated modification. Here we assess a link between the intrinsic epigenetic landscape and ubiquitin-proteasome system of hESCs. We find that hESCs exhibit high expression of UBE2K, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Loss of UBE2K increases the levels of H3K9 trimethyltransferase SETDB1, resulting in H3K9 trimethylation and repression of neurogenic genes during differentiation. Concomitantly, loss of UBE2K impairs the ability of hESCs to differentiate into neural progenitors with neurogenic properties. Besides H3K9 trimethylation, we find that UBE2K binds histone H3 to induce its polyubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Notably, ubc-20, the worm orthologue of UBE2K, also regulates both histone H3 levels and H3K9 trimethylation in C. elegans germline. Thus, our results indicate that UBE2K crosses evolutionary boundaries to promote histone H3 degradation and reduce H3K9me3 repressive marks in immortal cells.
2020-06-01 | PXD018625 | Pride
Project description:Spermatogenesis is precisely cotrolled by complex gene expression programs and involves epigenetic reprogramming including histone modification and DNA methylation. Setd2 catalyzes the trimethylation of histone H3 Lys36 (H3K36me3) and plays key roles in embryonic stem cell differentiation and somatic cell development; however, its role in male germ cell development remains elusive. Here we demonstrate an essential role of Setd2 for spermiogenesis. We show that targeted knockout of Setd2 in germ cells causes aberrant spermiogenesis with acrosomal malformation before step 8 round spermatid stage, resulting in complete male infertile. Furthermore, we show a complete loss of H3K36me3 and a significant altered gene expression profile, including Acrbp1 and protamines, caused by Setd2 deficiency. Our findings reveal a previously underappreciated role of Setd2-dependent H3K36me3 for spermiogenesis and improved the understanding of epigenetic disorders underlying male infertility.
2018-04-28 | GSE108717 | GEO
Project description:Histone modifications are central to the regulation of all DNA-dependent processes but the repertoire of known modifications is far from complete. Lysine 64 of Histone H3 (H3K64) lies within the globular domain of H3 at a structurally important position within the nucleosome. We identify tri-methylation of H3K64 (H3K64me3) as a modification enriched in pericentric heterochromatin and associated with repeated sequences and transcriptionally inactive genomic regions. Interestingly, the pericentric enrichment of H3K64me3 depends on the Suv39h methyltransferases. Further, we show that this newly identified mark is dynamically regulated during the two major epigenetic reprogramming events in mammals. In primordial germ cells (PGCs) H3K64me3 is present at the time of specification, but disappears transiently during germline reprogramming. In the early mouse embryo it is inherited exclusively through the maternal germline and specifically enriched in heterochromatic regions of the maternal pronucleus. Subsequently the modification is rapidly removed from the maternal chromatin suggesting an important role for H3K64me3 turnover in development. Taken together, our findings firmly establish H3K64me3 as a novel histone modification mark of repressive chromatin, which displays crosstalk to the Suv39 pathway and is dynamically reprogrammed during development. We hypothesize that methylation of this lysine helps to 'secure' the nucleosome and perhaps the surrounding heterochromatin, in an appropriately repressed state during development. Keywords: ChIP-chip, embryonic stem cells, H3K64me3, H3K9me3, heterochromatin ChIP-chip experiments were performed with four independent biological replicates for H3K64me3 and two independent replicates for H3K9me3. For each condition hybridizations include a dye-swap experiment.
2010-05-16 | E-GEOD-16185 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) underlie a loss of epithelial traits by normal cells during development and neoplastic cells during cancer metastasis. The long noncoding RNA HOTAIR triggers EMT, in part by serving as a scaffold for Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and thus promoting repressive histone H3 Lys27 methylation. In addition to PRC2, HOTAIR interacts with the Lsd1 lysine demethylase, an epigenetic regulator of cell fate during development and differentiation. Here, we showed that HOTAIR requires the Lsd1-interacting domain, but not the PRC2-interacting domain, to promote migration of epithelial cells. Our results suggest that the HOTAIR-Lsd1 asociation redistributes Lsd1 on chromatin and hence reprograms the epithelial transcriptome.
2021-04-22 | GSE162937 | GEO
Project description:Background: Previously we reported extensive gene expression reprogramming during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of primary prostate cells. Here we investigated the hypothesis that specific histone and DNA methylations are involved in coordination of gene expression during EMT and early stages of transformation. Results: Genome-wide profiling of histone methylations (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) and DNA methylation (DNAMe) was applied on a prostate cell model during EMT and malignant transformation. Integrated analyses of promoter epigenetic modifications and gene expression changes revealed strong correlations between the dynamic changes of histone methylations and gene expression. DNA methylation was weakly associated with global gene repression, but strongly correlated to gene silencing when genes co-modified by H3K4me3 were excluded. In genes labeled with multiple epigenetic marks in their promoters, the level of transcription was associated with the net signal intensity of the activating mark H3K4me3 minus the repressive mark H3K27me3 or DNAMe, indicating that the effect on gene expression of bivalent marks (H3K4/K27me3 or H3K4me3/DNAMe) depends on relative modification intensities. Sets of genes, including epithelial cell junction and EMT associated fibroblast growth factor receptor genes, showed corresponding changes concerning epigenetic modifications and gene expression during EMT. Conclusions: This work presents the first blueprint of epigenetic modifications during EMT in prostate cells and shows that specific histone methylations are extensively involved in gene expression reprogramming during EMT and carcinogenesis. The observation that transcription activity of bivalently marked genes depends on the relative labeling intensity of individual marks provides a new view of quantitative regulation of epigenetic modification.
2010-06-09 | E-TABM-983 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background: Previously we reported extensive gene expression reprogramming during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of primary prostate cells. Here we investigated the hypothesis that specific histone and DNA methylations are involved in coordination of gene expression during EMT and early stages of transformation. Results: Genome-wide profiling of histone methylations (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) and DNA methylation (DNAMe) was applied on a prostate cell model during EMT and malignant transformation. Integrated analyses of promoter epigenetic modifications and gene expression changes revealed strong correlations between the dynamic changes of histone methylations and gene expression. DNA methylation was weakly associated with global gene repression, but strongly correlated to gene silencing when genes co-modified by H3K4me3 were excluded. In genes labeled with multiple epigenetic marks in their promoters, the level of transcription was associated with the net signal intensity of the activating mark H3K4me3 minus the repressive mark H3K27me3 or DNAMe, indicating that the effect on gene expression of bivalent marks (H3K4/K27me3 or H3K4me3/DNAMe) depends on relative modification intensities. Sets of genes, including epithelial cell junction and EMT associated fibroblast growth factor receptor genes, showed corresponding changes concerning epigenetic modifications and gene expression during EMT. Conclusions: This work presents the first blueprint of epigenetic modifications during EMT in prostate cells and shows that specific histone methylations are extensively involved in gene expression reprogramming during EMT and carcinogenesis. The observation that transcription activity of bivalently marked genes depends on the relative labeling intensity of individual marks provides a new view of quantitative regulation of epigenetic modification.
2010-06-09 | E-TABM-982 | biostudies-arrayexpress