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Induction of miR162 contributes to invasive habitat adaption of Alternanthera philoxeroides

ABSTRACT: Rapid phenotypic changes in adaptive traits are crucial for organisms to thrive in changing environments. Alternanthera philoxeroides, originally a terrestrial plant from South America, has become an invasive weed in Asia, capable of colonizing both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The mechanism by which this invasive habitat is rapidly achieved without genetic variation remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that miRNA activity in A. philoxeroides plays a significant role in its high invasive capacity. Our results highlight that an intact miRNA pathway is essential for the survival of A.philoxeroides in aquatic habitats. We identified one key miRNA, Aph-miR162, that promotes rapid elongation of stem in aquatic environments. Upon water submergence, the levels of miR162 significantly increased in stems from 3 hours to 24 hours. TRV based VIGS-mediated knockdown of Aph-miR162 significantly disrupted stem elongation in water submergence condition, ultimately resulting in a failure of plants protruding from the water surface. Interestingly, miR162 was not up-regulated in the non-invasive sibling species Alternanthera pungens, which also originates from South America but has retained its original terrestrial habitats in Asia. More importantly, delivering the antisense RNA oligos complementary to Aph-miR162 via the nanoparticle method significantly impaired stem elongation upon water submergence, causing A. philoxeroides to wither after 2-3 weeks. Thus, our findings reveal that the miRNA pathway can drive rapid phenotypic variation, facilitating adaptation to aquatic environments. Importantly, miR162 has the potential as a bio-pesticide for controlling the invasive capacity of A. philoxeroides.

ORGANISM(S): Alternanthera philoxeroides

PROVIDER: GSE283087 | GEO | 2025/06/18

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Animal mucosal barriers constantly interact with the external environment and this interaction is markedly different in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Transitioning from water to land was a critical step in vertebrate evolution but the immune adaptations that mucosal barriers such as the skin underwent during that process are essentially unknown. Vertebrate animals such as the African lungfish have a bimodal life, switching from freshwater to terrestrial habitats when environmental conditions are not favorable. African lungfish skin mucus secretions contribute to the terrestrialization process by forming a cocoon that surrounds and protect the lungfish body. The goal of this study is to characterize the skin mucus immunoproteome of African lungfish, Protopterus dolloi, before and during the induction phase of terrestrialization as well as the immunoproteome of the gill mucus during the terrestrialization induction phase. Using LC-MS/MS, we identified a total of a total of 974 proteins using a lungfish Illumina RNA-seq database and 880 proteins using a lungfish 454 RNA-seq database for annotation in the three samples analyzed (control skin mucus, terrestrialized skin mucus and terrestrialized gill mucus). The terrestrialized skin mucus proteome was enriched in proteins with known antimicrobial functions such as histones and S100 proteins. In support, gene ontology analyses showed that the terrestrialized skin mucus proteome has predicted functions in processes such as viral process, defense response to Gram negative bacterium and tumor necrosis factor mediated signaling. Importantly, we observed a switch in immunoglobulin heavy chain secretion upon terrestrialization, with IgW1L and IgM1 present in control skin mucus and IgW1L, IgM1 and IgM2 in terrestrialized skin mucus. Combined, these results indicate an increase investment in the production of unique immune molecules in P. dolloi skin mucus in response to terrestrialization that likely better protect lungfish against external aggressors found in land.

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Induction of miR162 contributes to invasive habitat adaption of Alternanthera philoxeroides

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