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Acetylcholine derived from B lymphocytes controls liver regeneration

ABSTRACT: Humans recover from hepatic injury largely by liver regeneration. This complicated process requires hepatocyte proliferation driven by collaboration amongst multiple hepatic cell types. Immune cells also contribute, with some producing mitogenic cytokines such as IL-6 but others damaging hepatocytes by secreting IFNγ. A better understanding of immune cell functions in liver regeneration is necessary to improve clinical interventions. Here, we demonstrate that B cells expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme synthesizing acetylcholine (ACh), are specifically required for liver regeneration. Mice lacking ChAT+ B cells subjected to partial hepatectomy (PHX) display greater mortality due to failed liver regeneration. We show that both Kupffer cells and hepatic CD8+ T cells express the α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR; encoded by Chrna7), and that liver regeneration is also disrupted in mice lacking α7 nAChR. Thus, two regulatory axes promoting hepatocyte proliferation operate following PHX: one where hepatic ChAT+ B cells and α7 nAChR+ Kupffer cells interact to drive IL-6 production by Kupffer cells, and another where ChAT+ B cells and α7 nAChR+ hepatic CD8+ T cells interact to reduce IFNγ production by CD8+ T cells. Our work offers novel insights into liver regeneration mechanisms that may point to new therapies for liver damage.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE283252 | GEO | 2025/05/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Purpose: Eye drop application of PNU-282987, an α7 nAChR agonist, causes regeneration through development of Müller derived progeintor cells (MDPCs) that are generated as a result of signaling from activated retinal pigment epitheilal (RPE) cells . The goals of this study are to examine the transcrptional changes through RNA-seq after treatment with PNU-282987 in mammalian RPE cell culture that lead to the dedifferentation and generation of MDPCs in the adult mammalian retina. To validate the RNAseq findings, RT-qPCR was used. Finally, several genes that were identified were knocked out in RPE culture through a novel CRISPR/Cas12 system and the resulting activated supernatant was assayed for it's ability to cause neurogensis in the adult rodent retina. Methods: Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE-J) cells were treated with DMSO (vehicle control), nicotine (an α7 nAChR agonist that does not cause regeneration as a control), or PNU-282987, or MLA (an α7 nAChR antagonist as a control). The cells were treated for either 30 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours, 8 hours, or 12 hours. RNA was extracted from RPE-J cells using Zymo Direct-zol RNA miniprep kit and mRNA proflies were generated by GeneWiz with the Illumina NextSeq 550 high-output platform. Results: Using an optimized data analysis workflow, GeneWiz mapped about 30 million sequence reads per sample to the rat genome (Rnor6.0) and identified over 15,000 transcripts. Deseq2 analysis was performed to determine log 2 fold changes in gene expression compared to DMSO control, nicotine control, and MLA control, and found over 450 significantly differentially expressed genes. Twelve genes were validated with qRT–PCR to compare trends and were found to be consistent. Eight genes identified through RNA-seq involved in inflammation response, receptor signaling, WNT signaling and early retinal development were knocked out using CRISPR/Cas12 in RPE-J culture. Intravitreal injections of KO lines supernatant after treatment with PNU-282987 was assayed for invovlment of these genes in the adult neuroregeneration response. Conclusions: PNU-282987 activation of RPE causes signficant transcript profile changes in RPE-J cell culture that leads to significant differentially expressed genes as seen in RNA-seq profiles and validated with qRT-PCR. Further, several genes identified in the RNA-seq were found to be necessary for the neurogenic response as seen with generation of KO lines of RPE. Our study is the first to show that activaiton of the α7 nAChR on RPE leads to genetic changes sufficient to induce adult mammalian neurogenesis in the rodent retina and that several novel genes are invovled in this pathway in mammals as compared to other vertebrate models of retinal regeneration.

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Acetylcholine derived from B lymphocytes controls liver regeneration

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