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The GABA-modulated energy metabolism reconfiguration positively regulates cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) responses during post-waterlogging recovery

ABSTRACT: Plant response to waterlogging is well studied, but the understanding of plant responses during post-waterlogging recovery remains limited. In this study, we show that the waterlogging-sensitive (Z4847) and waterlogging-tolerant (ZM9001) cotton varieties have different rates of post-waterlogging recovery that correlate with waterlogging tolerance. The performance of a comparative transcriptome and metabolome analysis of the roots from two cotton varieties during recovery processes indicated the significant inhibition of the abundance of genes and metabolites related to energy metabolism in both varieties during post-waterlogging. The results also showed that the waterlogging tolerant ZM9001 plants maintained the higher carbon flows from glycolysis to the first reaction of the TCA cycle, leading to more energy production and restoring root activity during recovery processes. The interaction analysis of KEGG pathways in ZM9001 vs. Z4847 comparison during post-waterlogging displayed an extremely significant correlation between GABA metabolism and the glycolysis-citrate cycle. Therefore, we combined both multi-omics and physiological approaches and showed that the induced elevation of the GABA levels in the ZM9001 plants during recovery processes is essential in restoring its root function by generating more energy through the activation of the GABA shunt pathway. Consistent with this, the loss of GABA synthesis showed increased sensitivity to post-waterlogging, which was partially rescued by the exogenous application of GABA. Subsequently, elevated GABA levels could also provide better redox homeostasis by enhancing the antioxidant enzyme system during post-waterlogging recovery. Therefore, these findings indicate that the energy metabolism reconfiguration via re-activating GABA shunt participates in seedling survival after waterlogging stress, shedding light

ORGANISM(S): Gossypium

PROVIDER: GSE284486 | GEO | 2025/12/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: Waterlogging was one of the most serious abiotic stresses in wheat-growing regions of China. There were great differences in waterlogging tolerance among different wheat varieties, and the mechanism of waterlogging tolerance of wheat seeds during germination was unclear. Methods: In order to reveal the adaptability of wheat to waterlogging stress during germination, we analyzed the germination rate and anatomical structure of three wheat seeds, ‘Zhoumai 22’, ‘Bainong 207’ and ‘Bainong 607’. At the same time, Illumina sequencing technology was used to determine the transcriptome of these three wheat varieties during germination. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the germination rate of ‘Bainong 207’ after 3 days of waterlogging treatment and that of the control seeds. However, under waterlogging stress, the degree of emulsification and degradation of endosperm cells was higher than that of the control treatment, and starch granules in endosperm were significantly reduced. Transcriptome data were obtained from seed samples (a total of 18 samples) of three wheat varieties under waterlogging and control treatment. A total of 2,775 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comprehensive analysis. In addition, by analyzing the correlation between the expression levels of DEGs and seed germination rates in three wheat varieties under waterlogging stress, it was found that the relative expression levels of 563 and 398 genes were positively and negatively correlated with the germination rate of wheat seeds, respectively. The GO and KEGG analysis found that the difference in waterlogging tolerance of the three wheat varieties was related to the abundance of key genes involved in the glycolysis pathway, the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, and the lactose metabolism pathway. The ethanol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene in the endosperm of ‘Bainong 607’ was immediately induced after a short period of waterlogging, and the energy provided by glycolysis pathway enabled the seeds of ‘Bainong 607’ to germinate as early as possible, while the expression level of AP2/ERF transcription factor was up-regulated to further enhance its waterlogging tolerance. Conclusions: In general, this study provided a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which different wheat varieties respond to waterlogging stress during germination.

Project description:Global gene expression was compared between roots of cotton plants (variety Sicot 71) flooded for 4 hours and roots of unflooded cotton plants. Global gene expression was also compared between leaves of cotton plants (variety Sicot 71) flooded for 24 hours and leaves of unflooded cotton plants. Waterlogging stress causes yield reductions in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A major component of waterlogging stress is the lack of oxygen available to submerged tissues. While changes in expressed protein, gene transcription and metabolite levels have been studied in response to low oxygen stress, little research has been done on molecular responses to waterlogging in cotton. We assessed cotton growth responses to waterlogging and assayed global gene transcription responses in root and leaf cotton tissues of partially submerged plants. Waterlogging causes significant reductions in stem elongation, shoot mass, root mass, and leaf number. At the global gene expression level waterlogging significantly alters the expression of 1012 genes (4.2% of genes assayed) in root tissue as early as 4h after flooding. Many of these genes are associated with cell wall modification and growth pathways, glycolysis, fermentation, mitochondrial electron transport and nitrogen metabolism. Waterlogging of plant roots also altered global leaf gene expression, significantly changing the expression of 1305 genes (5.4% of genes assayed) after 24h of flooding. Genes associated with cell wall growth and modification, tetrapyrrole synthesis, hormone response, starch metabolism and nitrogen metabolism were affected in leaf tissues of waterlogged plants. Implications of these results for the development of waterlogging tolerant cotton are discussed. Keywords: Stress Response Plants of cotton cultivar Sicot 71 were grown to the two-leaf stage in tubs. For stress treatments plants were either watered as normal or flooded with water to completely submerge the root system. At four and twenty-four hours post-flooding samples of root or leaf tissue were taken from control and flooded plants. Total RNA was extracted from each tissue sample and assayed on cotton Affymetrix chips. Two biological replications were used for each comparison.

Project description:The resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum possesses an extraordinary capacity to survive long-term desiccation. To enhance our understanding of this phenomenon, complementary transcriptome, soluble proteome and primary metabolome analyses were carried out on plant leaves collected from different physiological stages during a dehydration and rehydration cycle. A total of 7348 contigs, 611 proteins and 46 metabolites were differentially regulated across stages. Dynamic changes in transcript, protein and metabolite levels revealed a unique signature characterizing each stage. An overall low correlation between transcript and protein abundance suggests a prominent role for post-transcriptional modification in metabolic reprogramming to prepare plants to desiccation and recovery upon rehydration. The integrative analysis of three -omics datasets was performed with an emphasis on photosynthesis, photorespiration, energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The results revealed a set of fine regulations/changes that modulate primary metabolism to confer plasticity to metabolic pathways, thus optimizing plant performance under stress. For example, maintenance of cyclic electron flow and photorespiration and switch from C3 to Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis may contribute to partially sustain photosynthesis and minimize oxidative damage during dehydration. transcripts with a delayed translation, ATP-independent bypasses, alternative respiratory pathway and 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt may play a role in energy management, altogether conferring bioenergetic advantages to meet energy demands for survival during desiccation. This knowledge provides a high-resolution map of the changes occurring in the primary metabolism during dehydration and rehydration and enriches the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning plant desiccation tolerance. The datasets here provided will ultimately inspire biotechnological strategies for drought tolerance improvement in crops.

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The GABA-modulated energy metabolism reconfiguration positively regulates cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) responses during post-waterlogging recovery

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