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BRD2 bridging TFIID and histone acetylation in transcriptional initiation [ChIP-Seq]

ABSTRACT: Members of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) transcription factor family play a central role in the regulation of gene expression. BET domain factors have also been proposed as major targets for multiple diseases, with inhibitors designed to block the binding of BET bromodomains to acetylated histones. However, recent studies demonstrated that the BETdomain of BRD4 is not involved in its transcriptional function and the specific mechanisms by which other individual BET-domain containing proteins distinctly regulate transcription remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that BRD2 promotes transcriptional initiation by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) at gene promoters and enhancers, predominantly in a bromodomaindependent manner. Our biochemical studies demonstrated that histone H4K16 acetylated histone-bound BET domain of BRD2 facilitates the recruitment of the transcription preinitiation complex TBP/TFIID to chromatin. Loss or inhibition of BRD2 bromodomains prompts the formation of BRD2-specific nuclear foci that sequester TFIID away from chromatin, leading to a genome-wide defect in transcriptional initiation. Our molecular studies demonstrated that the BET domains of BRD2 and BRD4 are not functionally exchangeable, highlighting distinct but cooperative roles for BET-domain family members in transcriptional initiation and elongation control to promote proper regulation of gene expression

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE287728 | GEO | 2026/01/06

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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BRD2 bridging TFIID and histone acetylation in transcriptional initiation [PRO-Seq]

Project description:Members of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) transcription factor family play a central role in the regulation of gene expression. BET domain factors have also been proposed as major targets for multiple diseases, with inhibitors designed to block the binding of BET bromodomains to acetylated histones. However, recent studies demonstrated that the BETdomain of BRD4 is not involved in its transcriptional function and the specific mechanisms by which other individual BET-domain containing proteins distinctly regulate transcription remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that BRD2 promotes transcriptional initiation by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) at gene promoters and enhancers, predominantly in a bromodomaindependent manner. Our biochemical studies demonstrated that histone H4K16 acetylated histone-bound BET domain of BRD2 facilitates the recruitment of the transcription preinitiation complex TBP/TFIID to chromatin. Loss or inhibition of BRD2 bromodomains prompts the formation of BRD2-specific nuclear foci that sequester TFIID away from chromatin, leading to a genome-wide defect in transcriptional initiation. Our molecular studies demonstrated that the BET domains of BRD2 and BRD4 are not functionally exchangeable, highlighting distinct but cooperative roles for BET-domain family members in transcriptional initiation and elongation control to promote proper regulation of gene expression

2026-01-06 | GSE287724 | GEO

BRD2 bridging TFIID and histone acetylation in transcriptional initiation [RNA-Seq]

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Small-molecule inhibitor JQ1 effect on multiple myeloma cell lines

Project description:Pathologic activation of c-Myc plays a central role in pathogenesis of several neoplasias, including multiple myeloma. However, therapeutic targeting of c-Myc has remained elusive due to its lack of a clear ligand-binding domain. We therefore targeted c-Myc transcriptional function by another means, namely the disruption of chromatin-dependent signal transduction. Members of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) subfamily of human bromodomain proteins (BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4) associate with acetylated chromatin and facilitate transcriptional activation by increasing the effective molarity of recruited transcriptional activators. Notably, BRD4 marks select M/G1 genes in mitotic chromatin for transcriptional memory and direct post-mitotic transcription, via direct interaction with the positive transcription elongation factor complex b (P-TEFb). Because c-Myc is known to regulate promoter-proximal pause release of Pol II, also through the recruitment of P-TEFb, we evaluated the selective small-molecule inhibitor of BET bromodomains, JQ1, as a chemical probe to interrogate the role of BET bromodomains in Myc-dependent transcription and to explore their role as therapeutic targets in c-Myc-driven neoplasias. Duplicate cultures of MM.1S, OPM1 and KMS11 human myeloma cells were treated with either DMSO alone or with JQ1 (500 nM), for 24 hours. Total RNA was extracted and hybridized to Affymetrix human Gene 1.0 ST microarrays (two arrays per treatment per cell line for a total of 12 arrays).

2011-09-01 | E-GEOD-31365 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors regulate NK cell biology by inhibiting BRD2 mediated NK cytolytic activity and BRD2/BRD4 mediated inflammatory function

Project description:Natural killer cells are innate lymphocytes that play a pivotal role in the immune surveillance and elimination of transformed or virally infected cells. Using a combined chemico-genetic approach, we have identified that BET bromodomains BRD2 and BRD4 are central regulators of NK cell responses. We show that both BRD2 and BRD4 play a key regulatory function in controlling NK cell specific inflammatory responses. However, knockdown of BRD2 but not BRD4 impairs NK cell cytolytic response, highlighting a redundant role for BRD4 in regulating NK cell killing. We further show that the prototypic monovalent BET inhibitor impairs in vitro NK cell mediated killing of cancer target cells, while the bivalent BET bromodomain AZD5153 does not. We ascribe these differences to the preferential affinity of JQ1(+) to BRD2, while AZD5153 has a higher affinity for BRD4. Our work suggests that inhibiting BET bromodomains may be an effective therapeutic strategy for controlling inflammatory function. Given that BRD2 but not BRD4 inhibition can impair NK cell mediated killing, our findings also have clinical significance in light of the ongoing clinical application of BET bromodomains in oncology.

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Small-molecule inhibitor JQ1 effect on multiple myeloma cell lines

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Transcriptome analysis upon Nipbl, Brd2 and Brd4 knockdown in P19 cells

Project description:Mutations in NIPBL are the major cause of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS). NIPBL is the cohesin loading factor and has recently been associated with the BET (Bromodomains and Extra Terminal (ET) domain) proteins BRD2 and BRD4. Related to this, a CdLS-like phenotype has been described associated to BRD4 mutations. To understand the relationship between NIPBL and BET proteins, we have performed RNA-Seq expression analysis following depletion of the different proteins in mouse P19 teratocarcinoma cells. Results indicate that genes regulated by NIPBL largely overlap with those regulated by BRD4 but not with those regulated by BRD2.

2020-01-01 | GSE132785 | GEO

Genome occupancy of NIPBL in mouse P19 teratocarcinoma cells.

2020-01-01 | GSE132784 | GEO

Distinct layers of BRD4-PTEFb reveal bromodomain-independent function in transcriptional regulation

Project description:The BET family protein BRD4, which forms the CDK9-containing BRD4-PTEFb complex, is considered to be a master regulator of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pause release. Because its tandem bromodomains interact with acetylated histone lysine residues, it has long been thought that BRD4 requires these bromodomains for its recruitment to chromatin and transcriptional regulatory function. Here, using rapid depletion and genetic complementation with domain deletion mutants, we demonstrate that BRD4 bromodomains are dispensable for Pol II pause release. A minimal, bromodomain-less C-terminal BRD4 fragment containing the PTEFb-interacting C-terminal motif (CTM) is instead both necessary and sufficient to mediate Pol II pause release in the absence of full-length BRD4. Although BRD4-PTEFb can associate with chromatin through acetyl recognition, our results indicate that a distinct, active BRD4-PTEFb population functions to regulate transcription independently of bromodomain-mediated chromatin association. These findings may enable more effective pharmaceutical modulation of BRD4-PTEFb activity.

2023-07-14 | GSE232869 | GEO

Functions of BET proteins in GATA1-mediated transcription [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Transcription factor GATA1 binding in erythroblasts in the presence and absence of BET inhibitor JQ1, and BET protein BRD3 and BRD4 binding in erythroblasts in the presence and absence of GATA1. Inhibitors of Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif proteins (BETs) are being evaluated for the treatment of cancer and other diseases yet their physiologic mechanisms remain largely unknown. We used genomic and genetic approaches to examine BET function in a hematopoietic maturation system driven by GATA1, an acetylated transcription factor previously shown to interact with BETs. We found that while BRD3 occupied the majority of GATA1 binding sites, BRD2 and BRD4 were also recruited to a subset of GATA1-occupied sites. Functionally, BET inhibition impaired GATA1-mediated transcriptional activation, but not repression, genome-wide. Co-activation by BETs was accomplished both by facilitating genomic occupancy of GATA1 and subsequently supporting transcription activation. Using a combination of CRISPR/CAS9-mediated genomic engineering and shRNA approaches we observed that depletion of either BRD2 or BRD4 alone blunted erythroid gene activation, while depletion of BRD3 only affected erythroid transcription in the setting of BRD2 deficiency. These results suggest that pharmacologic BET inhibition should be interpreted in the context of distinct steps in transcriptional activation and partially overlapping functions among BET family members. GATA1 null erythroblasts (G1E) conditionally expressing GATA1 as a GATA1-ER fusion protein were induced to express GATA1 by addition of 100nM estradiol for 24 hours. For GATA1 binding experiments this occurred in the absence or presence of 250nM JQ1. For BRD3 and BRD4 occupancy experiments G1E cells were compared to G1E cells with activated GATA1-ER fusion protein.

2015-02-23 | E-GEOD-62736 | biostudies-arrayexpress

BRD2 interconnects with BRD3 to facilitate Pol II transcription initiation and elongation to prime promoters for cell differentiation

Project description:Understanding the precise functions and relationship of BRD2 with other bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) proteins is central for the application of BET-specific and pan inhibitors. Here, we used acute protein degradation and quantitative genomic and proteomic approaches to investigate the primary functions of BRD2 in transcription. We report that BRD2 is required for TAF3-mediated Pol II initiation at low levels of H3K4me3-modified promoters and Pol II elongation by suppressing R-loops. Single and double depletion revealed that BRD2 and BRD3, but not BRD4, redundantly and independently function in Pol II transcription at different promoters and cooperatively occupy enhancers. Interestingly, we found that depletion of BRD2 affects the expression of different genes during differentiation processes, priming with promoter regulation in ES cells. Therefore, our results suggest complex interconnections between BRD2 and BRD3 at promoters to fine-tune Pol II initiation and elongation for control of cell state.

2024-05-22 | PXD030774 | Pride

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