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Eosinophils promote a second wave of postnatal smooth muscle cell differentiation in intestinal villi

ABSTRACT: Intestinal villus smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play a critical structural and functional role in the gut, notably facilitating dietary fat transport via villus-associated lymphatic lacteals. In the early postnatal period subepithelial PDGFRα+ fibroblasts are guided by lacteals to differentiate and assemble into villus SMCs. We show now that villus SMC expansion can occur in the absence of lacteals suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms. Using whole-mount imaging, genetic lineage tracing, and eosinophil-deficient models, we identify a second wave of intestinal SMC differentiation where villus tip perivascular PDGFRβ+ cells are a reservoir of distal SMC progenitors. We demonstrate that resident intestinal eosinophils act as key drivers and coordinators of TGFβ-dependent villus SMC expansion and maturation. Our findings propose a model in which distinct mesenchymal sources provide progenitors for generation of postnatal villus SMCs and reveal a novel morphogenetic role of intestinal eosinophils as critical mediators of SMC development in the gut.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE289872 | GEO | 2026/05/12

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-2 is Induced by Fluid Shear Stress in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Affects Cell Proliferation and Survival Introduction: Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are exposed to fluid shear stress (FSS) after interventional procedures such as balloon-angioplasty. Whereas the effects of hemodynamic forces on endothelial cells are explored in detail, the influence of FSS on smooth muscle cell function is poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the effect of FSS on SMC gene expression and function. Methods: Laminar FSS of arterial level (14 dynes/cm2) was applied to SMC cultures for 24 h in a parallel-plate flow chamber. The effect of FSS on gene expression was first screened with microarray technology and the results further verified by real time (RT) PCR and immunoblotting. Protein expression was also studied in the rat carotid artery after balloon-injury and DNA synthesis and apoptosis was examined in SMCs in vitro. Results: Microarrays identified tissue-pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) as the most differentially expressed gene by FSS in cultured SMCs. The regulatory effect of FSS on the expression of TFPI-2 was confirmed by RT-PCR and immunobloting demonstrating a more than 400-fold increase in TFPI-2 expression in SMCs exposed to FSS compared to static controls and a consistent upregulation at the protein level. Functionally, SMC proliferation was decreased by FSS and recombinant TFPI-2 was found to inhibit SMC proliferation and induce SMC apoptosis as indicated by activation of caspase-3. In vivo, TFPI-2 expression was found to be up-regulated 5, 10 and 20 h after rat carotid balloon-injury and immunohistochemistry demonstrated TFPI-2 protein in luminal SMCs exposed to FSS in rat carotid intimal hyperplasia 10 days after balloon-injury. Conclusion: FSS strongly influence gene expression in cultured SMCs and induce TFPI-2 expression, which is also expressed after rat carotid balloon injury in luminal SMCs exposed to FSS. Functionally, TFPI-2 may play an important role in vessel wall repair by regulating SMC proliferation and survival. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which TFPI-2 control SMC function. 3 x 2 samples from a paired fluid shear stress experiment on smooth muscle cells.

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Eosinophils promote a second wave of postnatal smooth muscle cell differentiation in intestinal villi

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