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Heritable fetal protection against MLL::ENL-driven leukemogenesis depends on MLL3 [scATAC-seq]

ABSTRACT: MLL rearrangements (MLLr) are the most common cause of congenital and infant leukemias. MLLr arise prior to birth and require very few cooperating mutations for transformation, yet congenital leukemias are 10-fold less common than infant leukemias and >100-fold less common than childhood leukemias overall. This raises the question of whether mechanisms exist to suppress leukemic transformation during fetal life. Here, we show that in mice, fetal MLL::ENL exposure creates a heritable, leukemia-resistant state. MLL::ENL imposes a negative selective pressure on fetal hematopoietic progenitors that persists after birth to suppress transformation. These changes do not occur when MLL::ENL is induced shortly after birth, and transformation proceeds efficiently in that context. The fetal barrier to transformation is enforced by MLL3. It can be bypassed by cooperating mutations or inactivation of MLL3. Heritable, fetal protection against leukemic transformation may explain the low incidence of congenital leukemias in humans despite prenatal MLL rearrangement.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE291038 | GEO | 2025/09/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Expression of meningioma 1 (MN1) has been proposed to be a negative prognostic molecular marker in adult AML with normal cytogenetics, however its role in pediatric leukemia is unknown. We found elevated MN1 expression in 53 of 88 pediatric leukemia cases: significant amounts of MN1 were found in immature B-cell ALL and most cases of infant leukemia but no MN1 expression was detected in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Interestingly 17 of 19 cases harboring MLL-X fusions showed also elevated MN1 expression. Lentiviral siRNA mediated MN1 knock-down resulted in cell cycle arrest and impaired clonogenic growth of 3 MLL-X-positive human leukemia cell lines overexpressing MN1 (THP-1, RS4;11, MOLM13). In a mouse MLL/ENL-induced leukemia MN1 overexpression resulted from retroviral provirus insertion. Strikingly co-expression of MN1 with MLL/ENL resulted in significantly reduced latency for induction of an AML phenotype in mice suggesting functional cooperation. MN1 overexpression in MLL/ENL-carrying cells resulted in expansion of the L-GMP population and facilitated disease induction in secondary recipients. Gene expression profiling allowed to define a number of potential MN1 hematopoietic targets. Up-regulation of CD34, FLT3, HLF, or DLK1 was validated in bone marrow transiently overexpressing MN1, in MN1-induced mouse leukemias, as well as in some cases of pediatric leukemias overexpressing MN1. Taken together, our work suggests that MN1 overexpression is essential for growth of leukemic cells, and that MN1 can act as a cooperating oncogene with MLL-X fusion genes most probably through modification of a distinct gene expression program that leads to expansion of a leukemia initiating cell population. In three independent experiments bone marrow cells were transduced with MSCV-MN1-IRES/YFP or empty vector. 72h after transduction EYFP-positive cells were FACS-sorted and RNA isolated by ion-exchange chromatography with RNAmini (Qiagen) according to the manufacturerâs protocol

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Heritable fetal protection against MLL::ENL-driven leukemogenesis depends on MLL3 [scATAC-seq]

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