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Sucrose-Activated TOR and phyA Signaling Alleviates Shade-Mediated Inhibition of Leaf Development in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT: Shade can trigger shade avoidance responses with increasing the elongation of stem-like organs at the expense of leaf development. We report that exogenous sucrose alleviates shade-induced inhibition of leaf development through a mechanism dependent on both the TOR complex and phyA. To investigate the function of sucrose and phyA, we performed RNA-Seq of wild type Col-0 and phyA-211 with sucrose treatment under shade.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis

PROVIDER: GSE291348 | GEO | 2026/03/18

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth largest food crop worldwide with significant economic value and importance for food security. Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) considerably affects crop architecture and productivity in high-density planting systems; however, its molecular mechanisms in potato remain poorly understood. Methods: Potato seedlings were subjected to four light treatments simulating different shade signals: white light (control, WL), low blue light (LBL, simulating blue light attenuation by plant canopies), low red:far-red ratio (WL+FR, simulating far-red reflection from neighboring plants), and their combination (LBL+FR, simulating complete plant shade environment). We conducted a comprehensive study integrating morphological characterization, leaf anatomical analysis, hormone quantification, transcriptome sequencing, and metabolite profiling. Results: Morphological analysis revealed that WL+FR primarily induced internode elongation (+20.0%) and leaf hyponasty, while LBL promoted stem elongation through increased node production (+36.3%). When combined, these signals (LBL+FR) synergistically enhanced stem elongation by 79.3%. Anatomical examination showed that LBL-treated leaves formed thickened palisade tissue layers (176.34 μm) with 6-7 layers of spongy tissue, whereas WL+FR resulted in thinner leaves (151.22 μm). Transcriptomic analysis identified 6,057 differentially expressed genes enriched in photosynthesis, hormone signaling, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways. A total of 1,168 differentially accumulated metabolites were detected across treatments, particularly organic acids and lipids associated with TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle and starch-sucrose metabolism. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified PHYTOCHROME A (PHYA) as the central hub gene coordinating SAS responses under combined light stress, significantly diverging from the PHYB-centric model established in Arabidopsis.

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Sucrose-Activated TOR and phyA Signaling Alleviates Shade-Mediated Inhibition of Leaf Development in Arabidopsis

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