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Differentily expressed genes of homozygotes Cmnor; CmNOR/Cmnor heterozygotes and WT plants

ABSTRACT: Oriental melon, a climacteric fruit prized for its superior quality, faces limited shelf life. Although knockout NON-RIPENING (CmNOR) prolongs storage duration at the expense of quality loss, the potential of its direct agricultural application to reconcile this conflict remains uninvestigated. Through crossing homozygotes Cmnor and wild-type plants, we created CmNOR/Cmnor heterozygotes displaying 6-day delayed ripening and 3-5 day extended shelf life at 20°C storage while preserving fruit quality. Ethylene treatment accelerated softening but failed to restore quality parameters of heterozygotes and homozygotes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed homozygotes showed >10-fold expression variations versus WT in quality-associated genes (e.g., carotenoid biosynthesis), which diminished to ~2-fold differences in heterozygotes. Storage-phase differential genes clustered in water regulation and cell wall modification pathways, with heterozygous-WT expression disparities gradually decreasing over time. The CmNOR dosage effect dynamically modulates interconnected quality and preservation networks, proposing an editing-based solution to overcome the storability-quality dichotomy in climacteric fruits.

ORGANISM(S): Citrullus lanatus

PROVIDER: GSE296878 | GEO | 2026/03/12

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Tomato fruit ripening is under the control of ethylene as well as a group of ethylene-independent transcription factors, including NON-RIPENING (NOR) and RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN). During ripening, the linear carotene lycopene accumulates at the expense of cyclic carotenoids. Fruit-specific overexpression of LYCOPENE β-CYCLASE (LCYb) under the control of the PHYTOENE DESATURASE (PDS) promoter resulted in increased levels of β-carotene and ABA and in decreased ethylene levels. Genes regulated by ABA, or involved in its synthesis and signaling, were overexpressed, while those associated with ethylene and cell wall remodeling were repressed. In agreement with the transcriptional data, LCYb-overexpressing fruits exhibited increased density of cell wall material containing linear, under-methylated pectins and displayed an array of additional ripening phenotypes, including delayed softening, increased turgor, enhanced shelf life and a thicker cuticle with a higher content of cutin monomers and triterpenoids. The levels of several primary metabolites and phenylpropanoids also changed in the transgenics, which could be attributed to delayed fruit ripening and to ABA respectively. Network correlation analysis suggests that ABA, acting through NOR and RIN, is responsible for many of the above phenotypes. These data reinforce suggestions that ABA plays an important role in tomato fruit ripening and provide clues that fruit b-carotene, acting as a precursor for ABA, actively participates in controlling the ripening process rather than merely being an output thereof. Overexpression of a LCYb gene from Arabidopsis under the control of the ripening-associated PDS promoter leads to ripe tomato fruits accumulating high β-carotene levels. Using several independent transgenic lines, we conducted a system-wide study of the effect of increased β-carotene levels on tomato fruit ripening and shelf life. Our data suggest that β-carotene, acting through ABA, is involved in a regulatory loop within the network controlling tomato fruit ripening.

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Differentily expressed genes of homozygotes Cmnor; CmNOR/Cmnor heterozygotes and WT plants

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