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Immature monocytic cells within tumors differentiate into immunosuppressive cells in resistant tumors to immunotherapy

ABSTRACT: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes in advanced cancers, yet resistance remains a major obsticle. Here, we investigated the role of myeloid cells in shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that contributes to ICI resistance. Using mutagenized ICI-sensitive and resistant 4T1 breast cancer clones, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize immune cell populations post-ICI therapy. We identified monocytic dendritic progenitors (MDPs) and common monocytic progenitors (cMOPs) enriched in sensitive tumors, which may differentiate into immunosuppressive cells in resistant tumors. Analysis of public datasets confirmed the presence of MDP-cMOPs in tumors and blood of breast, lung, and colorectal cancer patients. We found high expression of CXCR4 and IL6R in MDP-cMOPs, and inhibiting these pathways blocked their recruitment and differentiation. Combined targeting of CXCR4 and IL6 pathway with ICI improved responses in resistant tumors, highlighting MDP-cMOPs as contributors to immunotherapy resistance and potential therapeutic targets.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE298984 | GEO | 2025/06/05

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Metastasis and drug-resistance are major problems in cancer chemotherapy. The purpose of this work was to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying the invasive potential of drug-resistant colon carcinoma cells. Cellular models included the parental HT-29 cell line and its drug-resistant derivatives selected after chronic treatment with either 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), methotrexate (MTX), doxorubicin (DOX) or oxaliplatin (OXA). Drug-resistant invasive cells were compared to non invasive cells using cDNA microarray, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, immunoblots and ELISA. Functional and cellular signaling analyses were undertaken using pharmacological inhibitors, function-blocking antibodies, and silencing by retrovirus-mediated RNA interference. 5-FU- and MTX-resistant HT-29 cells expressing an invasive phenotype in collagen type I and a metastatic behaviour in immunodeficient mice exhibited high expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was identified as the critical autocrine CXCR4 ligand promoting invasion in drug-resistant colon carcinoma HT-29 cells. Silencing of CXCR4 and impairing the MIF-CXCR4 signaling pathways by ISO-1, pAb FL-115, AMD-3100, mAb 12G5, and BIM-46187 abolished this aggressive phenotype. Induction of CXCR4 is associated with up-regulation of two genes encoding transcription factors previously shown to control CXCR4 expression (HIF-2a and ASCL2) and maintenance of intestinal stem cells (ASCL2). Enhanced CXCR4 expression was detected in liver metastases resected from colon cancer patients treated by the standard FOLFOX regimen. Combination therapies targeting the CXCR4-MIF axis can potentially counteract the emergence of the invasive metastatic behaviour in clonal derivatives of drug-resistant colon cancer cells. Samples: HT-29 cell clones were obtained by limiting dilution from HT-29 subpopulations resistant to methothrexate (HT-29 5M21 cell clone) and or to 5-Fluoro-uracil (HT-29 5F7 and HT-29 5F31). Samples were provided by Dr. T Lesuffleur. Xenografts: HT-29 5M21, HT-29 5F7, and HT-29 5F31 xenografts were obtained by a first subcutaneous inoculation of cells in Nude mice and then fragments of subcutaneous tumors were reimplantated in SCID mice. First experiment of microarrays: HT-29 5M21 and HT-29 5F7 cells (that are invasive in in vitro assays on type I collagen) were compared to HT-29 5F31 cells (that are not invasive in vitro on type I collagen). Samples were co-hybridized on Agilent Human 44K GEP arrays (respectively 5F31 vs 5M21, 5F31 vs 5F7, 5M21 vs 5F31 and 5F7 vs 5F31). Second experiment of microarrays: HT-29 5M21 and HT-29 5F7 xenografts (that develop metastases in immuno-deficient mice lungs) were compared to HT-29 5F31 xenografts (that do not develop metastases in immuno-deficient mice lungs). Samples were consequently co-hybridized on human and mouse 4x44K GEP arrays (respectively AG41_5F31-5M21-138869, AG39_5F31-5F7-138867, AG42_5M21-5F31-138870 and AG40_5F7-5F31-138868 for human microarrays; 5M21_5F31_27033_4, 5F31_5M21_27033_3, 5F7_5F31_27033_2 and 5F31_5F7_27033_1_1 for mouse microarrays).

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Immature monocytic cells within tumors differentiate into immunosuppressive cells in resistant tumors to immunotherapy

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