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CRISPR Screen Reveals SOX2 as a Critical Regulator of CD133 and Cellular Stress Response in Glioblastoma II

ABSTRACT: Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a formidable challenge in clinical settings due limited treatments available. The surface protein CD133 marks glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), cells capable of overcoming therapeutic pressures and correlate with more aggressiveness tumor phenotypes. In this study, we employed a CRISPR-Cas9 functional screen to deconvolute CD133 dynamics in tumors. This led us to establish that SOX2 is a key player in controlling the PROM1 gene, which in turn influences how cells react to stress factors, including those induced by chemoradiation treatment. The discoveries in this study shed light on the complex web of mechanisms that control the survival and resistance of GSCs, offering promising new avenues for targeting and potentially overcoming therapy resistance.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE299588 | GEO | 2025/06/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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SOX2 Binds to CD133 in Glioblastoma Stem Cells to Regulate Cellular Stress Pathways Underlying Treatment Resistance

Project description:Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a formidable challenge in clinical settings due to limited treatments available for patients. The surface protein CD133 identifies glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), cells capable of overcoming therapeutic pressures and correlate with more aggressive tumor phenotypes. In our study, we utilized a CRISPR-based genetic screen and Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) workflows to distinguish molecular differences between healthy neural stem cells (NSCs) and GSCs. This revealed heightened SOX2 expression directly binds to the PROM1 gene in GSCs, and upregulates genes associated with stress responses including those contributing to chemoradiation resistance. Our findings demonstrate the power of complementary genomic tools, CRISPR screens with CUT&RUN, to unravel complex gene regulatory networks. This integrated approach offers insights into overlapping fields of cancer biology and stem cell research.

2025-06-23 | GSE299313 | GEO

Prominin 1/CD133 Endothelium Sustains Growth of Proneural Glioma

Project description:As many other tumors, a subset of gliobastoma is thought to be maintained by a restricted population of cancer cells, stem-like cells that express CD133 transmembrane protein. Expression levels of CD133 gene has been linked to a poor prognostic molecular subgroup and is not overexpressed by the PDGF-driven proneural group. Thus, the significance of CD133+ cells for gliomagenesis of the proneural group is undetermined. In addition, the role of the CD133 protein remains elusive and controversial, which results from the difficult isolation of CD133+ cells that has largely relied on the use of antibodies to ill-defined glycosylated epitopes of CD133. Here, we used a knockin lacZ reporter mouse, Prom1lacZ/+, to track Prom1+ cells in the brain and found that Prom1 (prominin1, murine CD133 homologue) is expressed by cells that co-express markers characteristic of neuronal, glial and vascular lineage phenotype. In proneural tumors derived from injection of RCAS-PDGF into the brain of tv-a;Ink4a-Arf-/- Prom1lacZ/+ mice, Prom1+ cells co-express markers for astrocytes and endothelial cells. Therefore, we characterize the tumor propagation in a murine model and found that the mice co-transplanted with Prom1 endothelium and proneural tumor spheres cells had significant tumor burden and vascular proliferation (angiogenesis). Specific genes in Prom1 endothelium are identified that code for endothelial signaling modulators that most likely support proneural tumor progression and can be potential targets for anti-angiogenic therapy.

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PROM1(CD133)-dependent expressed genes from mouse embryonic DRG neurons

Project description:Prom1, also knwon as CD133 is a stem cell marker that are down-regulated during developmental process. Here we first reports that PROM1 is a regulator of expression of specific sets of genes from DRG neurons.

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H3K79me2/3 controls enhancer promoter interactions and activation of the pan-cancer stem cell marker PROM1/CD133 in MLL-AF4 leukemia cells (ChIP-seq)

Project description:MLL gene rearrangements (MLLr) are a common cause of aggressive, incurable acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) in infants and children, most of which originate in utero. The most common MLLr produces an MLL-AF4 fusion protein. MLL-AF4 promotes leukemogenesis by activating key target genes, mainly through recruitment of DOT1L and increased histone H3 lysine 79 methylation (H3K79me2/3). One key MLL-AF4 target gene is PROM1 which encodes CD133 (Prominin-1). CD133 is a pentaspan transmembrane glycoprotein that represents a potential pan-cancer target as it is found on multiple cancer stem cells. Here we demonstrate that aberrant PROM1/CD133 expression is essential for leukemic cell growth, mediated by direct binding of MLL-AF4. Activation is controlled by an intragenic H3K79me2/3 enhancer element (KEE) leading to increased enhancer-promoter interactions between PROM1 and the nearby gene TAPT1. This dual locus regulation is reflected in a strong correlation of expression in leukemia. We find that in PROM1/CD133 non-expressing cells, the PROM1 locus is repressed by polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) binding, associated with reduced expression of TAPT1, partially due to loss of interactions with the PROM1 locus. Together, these results provide the first detailed analysis of PROM1/CD133 regulation that explains CD133 expression in MLLr ALL.

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H3K79me2/3 controls enhancer promoter interactions and activation of the pan-cancer stem cell marker PROM1/CD133 in MLL-AF4 leukemia cells (ATAC-seq)

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Project description:We cultured tumor cells from 22 GBM under medium conditions favoring the growth of neural stem cells. 11 out of 15 primary GBM contained a significant CD133+ subpopulation that comprised cells showing all hallmarks of neural stem cells. Cell lines derived from these CD133+ GBM showed a neurosphere-like, non-adherent growth pattern. In contrast, 4 out of 15 cell lines derived from primary GBM grew adherent in vitro and were driven by CD133- tumor cells that fulfilled stem cell criteria. In vivo, these GBM were characterized by a significantly lower proliferation index but similar GFAP staining as compared to CD133+ GBM. Gene arrays from 2x3 representative cells lines are given. Keywords: Cancer stem cell, CD133, glioblastoma

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PROM1(CD133)-dependent expressed genes from mouse embryonic DRG neurons

Project description:PROM1(CD133)-dependent expressed genes from mouse embryonic DRG neurons

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Transcriptome analysis of CD133 overexpressed U87MG glioblastoma cells

Project description:This study investigated the biological function of CD133 by ectopic expression of CD133 in U87MG cell line. Although CD133 is widely used as a cancer stem cell marker, there are a few studies that examined its own biological functions. While a number of loss-of-function studies about CD133 have shown that CD133 have effects on cancer progression, there are few gain-of-function studies about functions of CD133. Thus, we identified the potential function of CD133 by its overexpression in U87MG glioblastoma cell line. Though there were no significant changes in cell growth and sphere forming ability, elevated IL-1β and its downstream chemokines (CCL3, CXCL3, CXCL5) may function as chemoattractants which affect recruitment of Ly6G+ neutrophils surrounding necrotic regions in vivo and migration of neutrophil-like dHL-60 cells. Taken together, this results imply that CD133 can regulate IL-1β signaling, and promotes the environmental change.

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