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Cold and Lithium Delay Forgetting of Olfactory Memories in C. elegans

ABSTRACT: The poet W.B Yeats wrote that “All that is personal soon rots, it must be packed in ice or salt”. Here we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, memories are preserved on ice and in lithium salt. We discovered that cold delays forgetting of specific olfactory memories by >8-fold. Adaptation to low temperatures cancels delayed forgetting. To study the underlying mechanism we performed RNA-seq, mutant analyses, and pharmacological assays. We found that regulation of membrane properties switches cold-induced delayed forgetting ON and OFF, and, remarkably, that lithium delays forgetting only in cold-sensitive but not cold-tolerant worms. We found that downregulation of the diacylglycerol pathway in AWC sensory neurons is essential for lithium-mediated delayed forgetting, and that long-term suppression occurs in the downstream AIY interneurons, as shown by neuronal activity recordings. We suggest that the worms’ genetic tractability might be harnessed to study how lithium and cold affect the brain, and even more fundamentally, how memory is stored and lost.

ORGANISM(S): Caenorhabditis elegans

PROVIDER: GSE300051 | GEO | 2025/10/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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