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Migratory astrocyte subset drives CNS regeneration after astrocyte loss

ABSTRACT: Mature astrocytes become activated upon central nervous system (CNS) tissue damage and contribute to glial border formation. Proliferation and migration of reactive astrocytes at the border of destructive CNS lesions are considered very limited. However, the regenerative behavior of individual astrocytes following selective astroglial loss, as seen in astrocytopathies such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, remains unexplored. Here, we performed longitudinal in vivo imaging and temporospatial transcriptional profiling of cortical astrocytes after focal aquaporin-4 antibody-mediated astrocyte ablation in mice. Our findings define the molecular and cellular principles of astrocyte plasticity upon focal brain injury. A migratory subset of reactive astrocytes is fundamental for the restoration of astrocytic networks in the adult mammalian brain. Promoting this regenerative phenotype bears therapeutic potential for neurological conditions involving glial dysfunction.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE300434 | GEO | 2026/06/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS). Most astrocytes are born during the early postnatal period in the rodent brain and mature alongside neurons, demonstrating remarkable morphological structural complexity, attaining maturity in the second postnatal month. Across the remainder of the lifespan astrocytes participate in CNS homeostasis, support neuronal partners, and contribute to nearly all aspects of CNS functioning. In the present study, we analyzed astrocyte gene expression in rodent wild type cortex across the lifespan (7 days to 18 months). A pairwise timepoint comparison of differential gene expression during early development and CNS maturation (7 days – 60 days) revealed four unique astrocyte gene clusters, each with hundreds of genes and demonstrating a unique temporal profile. These clusters distinctively related to cell division, cell morphology, Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are born during the early postnatal period in the rodent brain and mature alongside neurons, demonstrate remarkable morphological structural complexity which is attained in the second postnatal month. Throughout this period of development and across the remainder of the lifespan, astrocytes participate in CNS homeostasis, support neuronal partners, and contribute to nearly all aspects of CNS function. In the present study, we analyzed astrocyte gene expression in the cortex of wild-type rodents throughout their lifespan (postnatal 7 days to 18 months). A pairwise timepoint comparison of differential gene expression during early development and CNS maturation (7 days–60 days) revealed four unique astrocyte gene clusters, each with hundreds of genes, and which demonstrate unique temporal profiles. These clusters are distinctively related to cell division, cell morphology, cellular communication and vascular structure and regulation. A similar analysis across adulthood and in the aging brain (3 months to 18 months) identified similar patterns of grouped gene expression related to cell metabolism and cell structure. Additionally, our analysis identified that during the aging process astrocytes demonstrate a bias toward shorter transcripts, with loss of longer genes related to synapse development and a significant increase in shorter transcripts related to immune regulation and the response to DNA damage. Our study highlights the critical role that astrocytes play in maintaining CNS function throughout life, and reveals molecular shifts that occur during development and aging.

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Migratory astrocyte subset drives CNS regeneration after astrocyte loss

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