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The HY5-NPR1 module governs light-dependent virulence of a plant bacterial pathogen

ABSTRACT: Light is essential for plant development, but its influence on pathogen virulence and immunity remains poorly understood. Here, we found that the Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 type III effector, AvrPtoB, exhibits virulence exclusively upon light exposure. This light-dependent regulation is controlled by the Arabidopsis transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a central regulator of photomorphogenesis. AvrPtoB targets HY5 in the nucleus, facilitating its ubiquitination and degradation. Genetic disruption of HY5 eliminates susceptibility to AvrPtoB and compromises plant immunity upon light exposure. HY5 enhances immunity by binding promoters of defense-related genes, activating their expression, and stabilizing the transcriptional coregulator NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED (PR) GENES 1 (NPR1) by inhibiting its negative regulators NPR3/4. Both HY5-mediated immunity and light-dependent AvrPtoB virulence require NPR1. By contrast, during darkness, CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1)-mediated HY5 degradation suppresses AvrPtoB virulence and HY5-enhanced immunity. These findings elucidate a mechanism in which light modulates bacterial virulence and plant immunity via an HY5-NPR1 module, advancing our understanding of light-pathogen-host interactions.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE301312 | GEO | 2025/08/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The HY5-NPR1 module governs light-dependent virulence of a plant bacterial pathogen

Project description:The HY5-NPR1 module governs light-dependent virulence of a plant bacterial pathogen

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Project description:In this study, we found that a light signaling factor, Long Hypocotyl 5 (HY5) is closely involved in the regulation of GSLs contents in light condition. In addition, HY5 was shown to physically interact with a histone deacetylase HDA9 and bind to proximal promoter region of MYB29 and IMD1 to suppress aliphatic GSL biosynthetic process. These results demonstrate that HY5 acts to suppress GSL accumulation at daytime, thus properly modulating the GSL contents on a daily basis of Arabidopsis plant.

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Project description:The core regulatory mechanisms affecting the function of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) during plant photomorphogenesis include dynamics in the transcriptional activity and protein stability of HY5 in response to changes in ambient light; however, little is known about the mediators of these processes. Here, we identified PHOTOREGULATORY PROTEIN KINASE 1 (PPK1), which interacts directly with and phosphorylates HY5, as one such mediator. PPK1 and its homologs play redundant roles in the negative regulation of photomorphogenesis. PPK1 phosphorylates HY5 at Thr55, Ser56, and Ser60. The phosphorylation of these residues is essential to establish high-affinity binding with B-BOX PROTEIN 24 and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1, which inhibit the transcriptional activity and promote the ubiquitination and degradation of HY5, respectively. As such, PPKs regulate not only the binding of HY5 to its target genes under light conditions,but also HY5 degradation when plants are transferred from light to dark conditions. Our data reveal a PPK-mediated phospho-code on HY5 that integrates the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of HY5 transcriptional activity and protein stability to precisely control plant photomorphogenesis.

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Project description:The plant immune hormone salicylic acid (SA) modulates transcriptional reprogramming via controlling the master transcriptional coactivator, NPR1. Here we examined the role of HECT-type ubiquitin ligases, UPL1 and UPL5, in SA/NPR1-dependent transcriptional control. We showed that UPL1 and UPL5 are essential regulators of SA-responsive genes, and regulate SA-induced transcriptional reprogramming in a NPR1-dependent manner. Four-week old Arabidopsis thaliana plants of wild-type Col-0, mutant upl1, mutant upl5, and mutant npr1-1 genotypes were germinated on soil in 100% relative humidity. Plants were continuously grown in an environmental chamber with 16/8 hour day/night light regime (120 mol m-2 s-1 light intensity), 21/18 degrees celcius day/night cycle and 65% relative humidity. 4-week-old plants were sprayed with water or 0.5 mM SA until all leaves were thoroughly covered with fine droplets, samples were collected after 24 hours treatment. In total two independent biological repeats were collected.

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