MSLN-mediated activation of EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling drives liver metastasis in breast cancer
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE306125 | GEO | 2026/01/14
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:We recently established an orthotopic breast cancer model of brain metastasis based on the injection of murine breast cancer cell lines into the mammary fat pad. This model is based on the use of 4T1 murine breast carcinoma cells. 4T1-derived tumors recapitulate the main steps of human breast cancer progression, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastases to lung and lymph nodes. Bioluminescence imaging revealed the appearance of secondary lesions to the lung and lymph nodes and sporadically to the brain. Brain metastases were confirmed by macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of the brains at necropsy. We then isolated brain metastatic cells, re-injected them orthotopically in syngeneic (BALB/c) mice and isolated again cell lines from brain metastatic lesions for two rounds of selection. We obtained a cell line metastasizing to the brain with 100% penetrance (named 4T1-BM2 for Brain Metastasis, 2nd generation). In parallel we derived after two rounds of in vivo growth tumor cell lines from primary tumors (4T1-T2) and from lung metastases (4T1-LM2).
2020-08-20 | GSE54773 | GEO
Project description:To follow the earliest transcriptional changes in pre-metastatic tissues, we orthotopically injected 4T1 cells into the mammary fat pad of female nude mice. Control mice were orthotopically injected with PBS. 7 days post tumor engraftment, the mice were sacrificed and thoroughly perfused with ice cold PBS, and lung and liver samples were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. Following RNA extraction, the lung and liver RNA samples were analyzed on MOE430A2 Affymetrix arrays using R/Bioconductor software. Expression array was performed on lung or liver tissue from control or tumor-bearing mice. Lung and liver tissues were isolated from 3 control mice (injected with PBS) and 3 tumor-bearing mice (injected with 4T1 cells) 7 days post injection.
2011-07-24 | E-GEOD-30885 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:This laboratory's focus is on the immune response to carbohydrate antigens, with an emphasis on modalities to analyze and to increase the immune response. We are also interested in carbohydrate drug targeting. The hypothesis is that these 2 variants have different cell surface carbohydrate expression, which results in different adhesion patterns, which ultimately results in different metastasis patterns. Evidence for expression differences and loss of the variants ability to metastasize to the lung could have clinical implications in the prevention of metastasis to different organs. The 4T1 mouse metastatic breast cancer cell line is known to change with passages in culture. Our data has shown changes cause the cells to metastasize to the intestine rather than to the lung. Four classes of RNA were analyzed: one each from 4T1 metastatic cell line variant #1, 4T1 variant #2, non-metastatic cell lines 4T07, and non-metastatic cell line 67NR. Classes were prepared in triplicate for a total of 12 samples. All samples were hybridized to the custom designed CFG GLYCOv2 glycogene array.
2011-02-17 | E-GEOD-27354 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Triple negative breast cancer has an extremely poor prognosis due to lack of available targeted treatments, especially for metastasis. Metastatic sites frequently include the lymph nodes and the lungs, and during the metastatic process, breast cancer cells must come into contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) at every step. The ECM provides both structural support and biochemical cues, and cell-ECM interactions can lead to changes in to drug response. Here, we used fibroblast-derived ECM to perform high throughput drug screening of 4T1 breast cancer cells on metastatic organ ECM (lung) and we see that drug response differs to drug inhibition on plastic. The FDM that we are able to produce from different metastatic organs is abundant in, and contains a complex mixture of ECM proteins. We also show differences in ECM composition between the primary site and metastatic sites. Furthermore, we show that global kinase signalling of 4T1 cells on the ECM is relatively unchanged between organs, however we show large changes in signalling compared to plastic. Our study highlights the importance of context when testing drug response in vitro, showing that the consideration of the ECM is critically important.
2022-02-17 | PXD025786 | Pride
Project description:Metabolic rewiring is essential for breast tumor growth and progression to metastatic disease, yet little is known regarding how cancer cells modify their acquired metabolic programs in response to different metastatic microenvironments. Transcriptional and metabolomic analysis have previously shown that liver-metastatic breast cancer cells adopt an intrinsic metabolic profile characterized by increased HIF-1α activity and dependence on glycolysis. Stable isotope tracing analysis (SITA) performed in vivo confirmed that the glycolytic nature of liver-metastatic breast cancer cells is retained when these cells are grown as primary tumors or as liver metastases. However, our data also reveal that unique metabolic adaptations are specifically induced by the liver microenvironment. Indeed, liver metastases display elevated expression of genes involved in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification when compared to primary tumors. Moreover, breast cancer liver metastases rely strongly on glucose and glutamine-derived carbons to support de novo GSH synthesis. Glutathione is a tripeptide that acts as a major scavenger for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Liver metastases display reduced levels of 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, confirming their increased capacity to buffer ROS. We demonstrated the dependence of liver metastases formation on these distinct metabolic adaptations by depleting glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gcl), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Gcl depletion, and decreased GSH levels, strongly reduced the capacity of liver-metastatic cells to form distant metastasis within the liver. We performed gene expression analysis of liver metastasis and primary tumors from liver-metastatic breast cancer cells derived from 4T1 cells. 4T1-2776 (76) and 4T1-2792 (92) cells were injected in the mammary fat pads of BALB/c and grown as primary tumors or were grown as liver metastasis after splenic injection. Tissues were harvested from primary tumors and liver metastasis and submitted to laser-capture microdissection (LCM). For liver metastasis, tumour tissue was harvested at 10 days, 2 weeks and 3 weeks after splenic injection. For each time point, tissue was isolated from the tumor centre (core), a peripheral area of the tumor (margin), a region of the liver proximal to the tumor (adjacent) and a region of the liver far from the tumor (distant). For primary tumors from 4T1-2776 cells (1034, 1036, 1043) and 4T1-2792 (MFP2L, MFP3L, MFP5L) tissue was collected from the tumor core and margin, at the experimental endpoint.
2023-07-25 | GSE238214 | GEO
Project description:Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignant disease affecting female patients globally, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being the subtype linked to the poorest clinical outcome. The liver is a frequent metastatic site of breast cancer. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism underlying liver metastasis in TNBC is crucial for identifying effective diagnostic and therapeutic targets, which holds significant potential for guiding clinical treatment. Objectives: To identify the key gene driving liver metastasis in breast cancer, investigate its mechanism of action, and advance breast cancer treatment. Methods: RNA sequencing was conducted on 4T1-HM3 and its corresponding primary tumor cell 4T1-Pri to identify and screen genes involved in liver metastasis. The enhanced MSLN, a gene encoding mesothelin, was identified in metastatic TNBC cells and tissues using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Dual-luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis, and bioinformatics were employed to identify transcription factors regulating MSLN. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), and immunofluorescence (IF) co-localization were utilized to investigate the mechanism of MSLN action in BC cells. Cellular viability was assessed using a colony formation assay. Cell proliferation and chemosensitivity were assessed using the CCK8 assay. Results: MSLN exhibits aberrantly overexpression in liver-metastatic cells. Elevated MSLN levels are significantly associated with liver metastasis compared to metastases in other organs. MSLN promotes cell proliferation and survival in vitro and TNBC liver metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, MSLN binds to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and activates the EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling axis, thereby promoting TNBC cell survival and proliferation during metastasis. Notably, targeting MSLN with a paclitaxel/carboplatin combination can efficiently inhibit liver metastasis of hepatotropic TNBC in a mouse model.
2026-01-14 | GSE306126 | GEO
Project description:Determine gene expression differences between normal, metastatic and non-metastatic mouse lung tissue. Priming of the organ-specific premetastatic sites is thought to be an important yet incompletely understood step during metastasis. In this study, we show that the metastatic tumors we examined overexpress granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), which expands and mobilizes Ly6G+Ly6C+ granulocytes and facilitates their subsequent homing at distant organs even before the arrival of tumor cells. Moreover, G-CSF-mobilized Ly6G+Ly6C+ cells produce the Bv8 protein, which has been implicated in angiogenesis and mobilization of myeloid cells. Anti-G-CSF or anti-Bv8 antibodies significantly reduced lung metastasis. Transplantation of Bv8 null fetal liver cells into lethally irradiated hosts also reduced metastasis. We identified an unexpected role for Bv8: the ability to stimulate tumor cell migration through activation of one of the Bv8 receptors, prokineticin receptor (PKR)-1. Finally, we show that administration of recombinant G-CSF is sufficient to increase the numbers of Ly6G+Ly6C+ cells in organ-specific metastatic sites and results in enhanced metastatic ability of several tumors. 67NR and 4T1mouse breast carcinoma cell lines were injected into fourth mammary fat pad; lung tissue was collected when tumor reached volume of 50mm3. RNA was extracted using Qiagen kit.
2014-11-06 | E-GEOD-62817 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Breast cancer cells display preferences for specific metastatic sites including the bone, lung and liver. Metastasis is a complex process that relies, in part, on interactions between disseminated cancer cells and resident/infiltrating stromal cells that constitute the metastatic microenvironment. Distinct immune infiltrates can either impair the metastatic process or conversely, assist in the seeding, colonization and growth of disseminated cancer cells. Using in vivo selection approaches, we previously isolated 4T1-derived breast cancer cells that preferentially metastasize to these organs and tissues. In this study, we examined whether the propensity of breast cancer cells to metastasize to the lung, liver or bone is associated with and dependent on distinct patterns of immune cell infiltration. Immunohistocytochemistry and immunohistofluorescence approaches were used to quantify granulocytic infiltrates within distinct metastases and depletion of Gr1+ cells was performed to functionally interrogate the role of myeloid/granulocytic infiltrates in promoting metastasis to these organs. We show that T lymphocytes (CD3+), myeloid-derived/granulocytic cells (Gr-1+) cells and neutrophils (NE+) exhibit the most pronounced recruitment in lung and liver metastases, with markedly less recruitment within bone metastatic lesions. Interestingly, these infiltrating cell populations display different patterns of localization within soft tissue metastases. T lymphocytes and neutrophils are localized around the periphery of liver metastases whereas they were dispersed throughout the lung metastases. Furthermore, Gr-1+ cell-depletion studies demonstrate that infiltrating myeloid-derived/granulocytic cells, including neutrophils, are essential for the formation of breast cancer liver metastases but dispensable for metastasis to the lung and bone. Finally, we demonstrate that neutrophils that infiltrate and surround the liver metastases are polarized towards an N2 phenotype, which have previously been shown to enhance tumor growth and metastasis. Our results demonstrate that the liver metastatic potential of breast cancer cells is heavily reliant on interactions with infiltrating myeloid/granulocytic cells in the liver microenvironment.
2015-03-20 | GSE62598 | GEO
Project description:Primary tumors have been shown to prepare distal organs for later colonization of metastatic cells by stimulating organ-specific infiltration of bone marrow-derived cells. Here we demonstrate that neutrophils accumulate in the lung prior to the arrival of metastatic cells in mouse models of breast cancer. Tumor-entrained neutrophils (TENs) inhibit metastatic seeding in the lungs by generating H2O2, and tumor-secreted CCL2 is a critical mediator of optimal anti-metastatic entrainment of G-CSF-stimulated neutrophils. TENs are present in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients prior to surgical resection but not in healthy individuals. Thus, while tumor-secreted factors contribute to tumor progression at the primary site, they concomitantly induce a neutrophil-mediated inhibitory process at the metastatic site. To follow the earliest transcriptional changes in pre-metastatic tissues, we orthotopically injected 4T1 cells into the mammary fat pad of female nude mice. Control mice were orthotopically injected with PBS. 7 days post tumor engraftment, the mice were sacrificed and thoroughly perfused with ice cold PBS, and lung and liver samples were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. Following RNA extraction, the lung and liver RNA samples were analyzed on MOE430A2 Affymetrix arrays using R/Bioconductor software.
2011-07-25 | GSE30885 | GEO
Project description:Breast cancer metastasizes to bone, visceral organs, and/or brain depending on the subtypes. Various cell line models have been used to develop gene expression signatures unique to cancer cells that have metastasized to specific organs, although these efforts were not in a uniform setting. In this study, we compared gene expression pattern in MDA-MB-231 cells and its mammary fat pad tumor (TMD-231), lung metastasis (LMD-231), bone metastasis (BMD-231), adrenal metastasis (ADMD-231) and brain metastasis (231-BR) variants grown under the same growth condition. When gene expression differences between metasteses (p value of <0.01) were compared, 231-BR cells showed the highest gene expression difference (633 genes) followed by ADMD-231 (196 genes), LMD-231 (79 genes), and BMD-231 cells (60 genes) compared with other metastatic cells. 231-BR cells specifically overexpressed neuronal transmembrane proteins SLITRK2, TMEM47, and LYPD1 by more than five fold compared with cells isolated from other sites of metastasis. Ingenuity pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed activation of pathways that would enable cancer cells to adapt to organs of metastasis such as drug detoxification/oxidative stress response/semaphorin neuronal pathway in 231-BR cells, Notch/orphan nuclear receptor signals involved in steroidogenesis in ADMD-231, acute phase response in LMD-231, and cytokine/hematopoietic stem cell signaling in BMD-231 cells. Only NF-κB signaling pathway activation was common to all metastatic cells except BMD-231.To test this possibility, we compared gene expression pattern in MDA-MB-231 cells and its mammary fat pad tumor (TMD-231), lung-metastasis (LMD-231), bone-metastasis (BMD-231), adrenal-metastasis (ADMD-231) and brain-metastasis (231-BR) variants. Between metastatic cells, 231-BR cells showed the highest gene expression difference followed by ADMD-231, LMD-231, and BMD-231 cells. 231-BR cells specifically overexpressed neuronal transmembrane proteins SLITRK2, TMEM47, and LYPD1. pathways that would enable cancer cells to adapt to organs of metastasis such as drug detoxification/oxidative stress response/semaphorin neuronal pathway in 231-BR cells, Notch/orphan nuclear receptor signals involved in steroidogenesis in ADMD-231, acute phase response in LMD-231, and cytokine/hematopoietic stem cell signaling in BMD-231 cells. Only NF-κB signaling pathway activation was common to all metastatic cells except BMD-231. Cells were maintained in MEM with 10% fetal calf serum. RNA was prepared exponentially growing cells using RNeasy kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) Microarray with biological triplicates was performed using Illumina HumanHT-12 V4 expression beadchip. Probe profile data was imported into partek genomics suite. Genes that showed statistically insignificant signals in majority of samples were removed from the microarray data, and only those probes that showed statistically significant signal in at least half of samples of at least one group were retained. Differential expression analysis was performed using ANOVA.
2015-04-01 | E-GEOD-66495 | biostudies-arrayexpress