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Uncoupling the two distinct roles of targeting BDCA2 in treating autoimmune diseases: direct inhibition of BDCA2-positive B cells and normalization of proinflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages via the global suppression of type I IFN

ABSTRACT: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a devastating autoimmune disease with two hallmarks: elevated levels of type I interferon (IFN) secreted by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (pDCs) and autoantibodies produced by malfunctioning B cells. Indeed, the two marketed monoclonal antibodies for treating SLE are belimumab that targets B cells or anifrolumab that targets type I IFN. In this study, we developed a novel anti-BDCA2 monoclonal antibody, 230V5, with an enhanced interaction with Fc receptors. The antibody exhibited superior inhibitory effects on IFN production and IgM production. Further study using scRNA-seq revealed that CpG induced a group of proinflammatory macrophages whose expression could be suppressed by 230V5 in a BDCA2-targeting and FcR-dependent manner. More importantly, we showed for the first time that BDCA2 is also expressed in B cells. BDCA2 expression in B cells can be induced by CpG and BAFF. Treatment with 230V5 effectively inhibited IgM production by PBMCs in a CD32B-dependent manner and reduced the number of BDCA2-expressing B cells. Thus, targeting BDCA2 is a promising therapeutic method for treating lupus-related diseases by targeting both B cells and pDCs

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE314089 | GEO | 2025/12/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Lupus IgA1 autoantibodies synergize with IgG to enhance pDC responses to RNA-containing immune complexes

Project description:Autoantibodies to nuclear antigens are hallmarks for diagnosis of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and they contribute to SLE pathogenesis. However, there remains a gap in our knowledge regarding how different isotypes of autoantibodies contribute to key disease processes, including the production of the critical type I interferon (IFN) cytokines by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in response to immune complexes (ICs). Here, we show that individuals with SLE have IgA autoantibodies against most nuclear antigens assessed, largely correlating with the amounts of IgG against the same antigen. We investigated whether IgA autoantibodies against a major SLE autoantigen, Smith ribonucleoproteins (Sm/RNPs), play a role in IC activation of pDCs. We found that pDCs express the IgA-specific Fc receptor, FcRI, and there was a striking ability of IgA1 isotype autoantibodies to synergize with IgG in RNA-containing ICs to generate robust pDC IFN responses. pDC responses to these ICs required both FcRI and FcRIIa, suggesting the most potent ICs for pDCs contained autoantibodies of both isotypes. Sm/RNP IC binding to and internalization by pDCs were greater when ICs contained both IgA1 and IgG. In addition, binding of Sm/RNP ICs generated with IgA1-sufficient serum correlated to pDC FcRI expression, but not FcRIIa expression. pDCs from individuals with SLE had higher binding of IgA1-containing ICs and higher expression of FcRI than pDCs from healthy control individuals, correlating with expression of IFN response genes. Taken together, our data indicate that IgA1 ANAs contribute to SLE pathology and warrant further investigation.

2023-10-19 | GSE242721 | GEO

The regulation and pharmacological modulation of immune complex induced type III IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells [RNA-seq]

Project description:Objective: Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) have an ongoing interferon (IFN) production due to an activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which can be triggered to type I IFN synthesis by RNA containing immune complexes (RNA-IC). Considering emerging data suggesting a role of type III interferon (IFN) in the SLE disease process, we asked if RNA-IC can induce type III IFN production in pDC, and how this production can be regulated. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or immune cell subsets were isolated from healthy blood donors or SLE patients and stimulated with IC containing U1 snRNP and SLE-IgG (RNA-IC). Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and an interleukin receptor 1 associated kinase 4 inhibitor (IRAK4i) were added to cell cultures. Cytokine mRNA levels were determined with a microarray and protein levels with immunoassays. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of pDCs using ddSEQ technology was performed. Results: Type III IFN mRNA and protein was induced in RNA-IC stimulated pDC-NK and pDC-B cell co-cultures. A subset of activated pDCs (3%) expressed both type III and type I IFN mRNA. IFN-λ2, IFN-α2b, interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6 or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhanced IFN-λ1/3 production 2-5-fold. HCQ and an IRAK4i blocked the RNA-IC-triggered IFN-λ1/3 production (p<0.01). IFN-α2b and GM-CSF increased the proportion of SLE patients producing IFN-λ1/3 in response to RNA-IC from 11 to 33%. Conclusions: Type III IFN production is triggered by RNA-IC in pDCs in a TLR-MyD88-dependent manner, enhanced by NK and B cells as well as several pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results support a contributing role for both type I and type III IFNs in SLE, which needs to be considered when targeting the IFN system in this disease.

2020-05-23 | GSE148902 | GEO

The regulation and pharmacological modulation of immune complex induced type III IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells [microarray]

2020-05-23 | GSE149415 | GEO

Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Regulates TLR9 but not TLR7 Signaling in Human pDCs

Project description:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) can be activated by the endosomal TLRs, and contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by producing type I IFNs. Thus, blocking TLR-mediated pDC activation may represent a useful approach for the treatment of SLE. In an attempt to identify a therapeutic target for blocking TLR signaling in pDCs, we investigated the contribution of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) to the activation of pDCs by TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation by using a selective Btk inhibitor RN486. Stimulation of TLR7 and 9 with their respective agonist, namely, gardiquimod and type A CpG ODN2216, resulted in the activation of human pDCs, as demonstrated by the expression of activation markers (CD69, CD40, and CD86), elevated production of IFN-alpha and other inflammatory cytokines, as well as up-regulation of numerous genes including IFN-alpha-inducible genes and activation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) and NF-kB. RN486 inhibited all of these events induced by TLR9, but not TLR7 stimulation, with a nanomolar potency for inhibiting type A CpG ODN2216-mediated production of cytokines (e.g., IC50=386 nM for inhibiting IFN-alpha). Our data reveal Btk as an important regulatory enzyme in the TLR9 pathway, and a potential therapeutic target for SLE and other TLR-driven diseases. pDCs from healthy donors (n=4) were treated with gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) or ODN 2216 (TLR9 agonist) with or without BTK inhibitor for 3 hours.

2015-10-24 | E-GEOD-41825 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Chronic Activation of pDCs in Autoimmunity is linked to Dysregulated ER Stress and Metabolic Responses

Project description:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) chronically produce type I interferon (IFN-I) in multiple autoimmune diseases, such as systemic sclerosis (SSc) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we report that the IRE1α-XBP1 branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) inhibits the production of IFN-α by TLR7- or TLR9-activated pDCs. In SSc patients, pDCs demonstrated reduced expression of UPR marker genes, which inversely correlated with the levels of IFN-I-stimulated genes. CXCL4, a chemokine that is elevated in SSc patients, downregulated IRE1α-XBP1-controlled genes and promoted IFN-α production by pDCs. Mechanistically, IRE1α-XBP1 activation rewired glycolysis to serine biosynthesis by inducing phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) expression. This process reduced pyruvate access to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and blunted mitochondrial ATP generation and cAMP signaling, which are essential for pDC IFN-I responses. Notably, PHGDH expression was reduced in pDCs from patients with SSc and SLE, and pharmacological blockade of TCA cycle reactions inhibited IFN-I responses in pDCs from these patients. Hence, modulating the IRE1α-XBP1-PHGDH axis may represent a hitherto unexplored strategy for alleviating chronic pDC activation in autoimmune disorders.

2022-08-15 | GSE211230 | GEO

Gene expression analysis in the spleen of wild type, Sle1.3 (lupus mice) and Sle1.3 mice haplodeficient for E2-2 (exhibiting non functional pDCs)

Project description:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of antibodies to self-nucleic acids, immune complex deposition and tissue inflammation such as glomerulonephritis. Innate recognition of molecular complexes containing self-DNA and RNA and the ensuing production of type I interferons (IFN) contribute to SLE development. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have been proposed as a relevant source of pathogenic IFN in SLE; however, their net contribution to the disease remains unclear. We addressed this question using haplodeficiency of the pDC-specific transcription factor E2-2 (Tcf4), which causes a specific impairment of pDC function in otherwise normal animals. We report that Tcf4+/- animals were significantly protected from SLE-like disease caused by the overexpression of the endosomal RNA sensor Tlr7. The protection was also observed after the monoallelic deletion of Tcf4 specifically in the dendritic cell lineage. Furthermore, Tcf4 haplodeficiency in the B6.Sle1.Sle3 multigenic model of SLE ameliorated key disease manifestations including anti-DNA antibody production, immune activation and glomerulonephritis. These results provide genetic evidence that pDCs are critically involved in SLE pathogenesis, confirming their potential utility as therapeutic targets in the disease. Cellluar suspension were obtained from the spleen of wild type, Sle1.3 and Sle1.3/E2-2het mice. 10 million of cells were used to isolate RNA from each sample. After RNA isolation a microarray analysis using the Ambion WT labeling kit was done. Expression was analyzed using Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST. 2 Wild type mice, 3 Sle1.3 and 3 Sle1.3/E2-2 het mice were used for the analysis.

2014-07-30 | E-GEOD-57324 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression analysis in the spleen of wild type, Sle1.3 (lupus mice) and Sle1.3 mice haplodeficient for E2-2 (exhibiting non functional pDCs)

2014-07-30 | GSE57324 | GEO

Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Regulates TLR9 but not TLR7 Signaling in Human pDCs

2015-10-24 | GSE41825 | GEO

NCF1-dependent low production of reactive oxygen species in plasmacytoid dendritic cells exacerbates lupus

Project description:Low capacity to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to mutations in neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1/p47phox) is strongly associated with lupus development both in humans and mouse models. Here, we aim to identify the major mechanisms of the Ncf1-disease association. We found that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), the most potent producers of type I IFNs, exacerbate pristane-induced lupus in ROS-defective Ncf1-mutant and human NCF1-339 variant carrying mice. ROS deficiency in mouse models with Ncf1 mutation or human NCF1-339 variant leads to enhanced pDC generation via the TLR7/AKT/mTOR pathway and accumulation at sites of inflammation, resulting in an increased IFNα secretion. The produced IFNα further stimulates the JAK1/STAT1 pathway, which we found is hyperreactive in ROS-deficient pDCs. This, in turn, leads to increased type I IFN signature and enhanced proinflammatory responses. Our discoveries explain the causative effect of dysfunctional Ncf1 and pathogenicity of pDCs in lupus.

2023-03-12 | PXD035964 | Pride

Type-I interferon inducible genes 26 weeks after mCMV infection in Siglec-H wt and Siglec-H ko mice and their non infected controls

Project description:Type I interferons are critical anti-viral cytokines during virus infections and have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The secretion of type I interferon of pDCs is modulated by Siglec-H, a DAP12 associated receptor on pDCs. We showed that Siglec-H deficient pDCs produce more of the type I interferon IFN-Î± in vitro and that Siglec-H ko mice produce more IFN-Î± after murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV) infection in vivo, leading to efficient clearance of the virus. Furthermore, ageing Siglec-H ko mice showed a mild form of systemic autoimmunity. In contrast, Siglec-H ko mice developed a severe form of systemic lupus-like autoimmune disease with strong kidney nephritis several weeks after a single mCMV infection. This induction of systemic autoimmune disease after virus infection in Siglec-H ko mice was accompanied by a type I interferon signature and fully dependent on type I interferon signaling. These results show that Siglec-H normally serves as modulator of type I interferon responses after infection with a persistent virus and thereby prevents induction of autoimmune disease. For microarray experiments gene expression profiles of total splenic cells from two wt and Siglec-H ko mice 26 weeks after infection with luciferase expressing murine Cytomegalovirus (5x105 pfu) or from two uninfected wt and Siglec-H ko control mice were analyzed

2016-03-16 | E-GEOD-79248 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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