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Respiratory viral infections prime accelerated lung cancer growth [scATAC-Seq]

ABSTRACT: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted long-term health consequences of viral pneumonia, yet its potential impact on cancer development and growth remains poorly understood. Here, we show that prior SARS-CoV-2 or influenza infection accelerates lung tumor progression by reprogramming the local immune landscape. To test whether heightened cytokine responses after tumor initiation reflect durable epigenetic priming, we performed scATAC-seq on total lung cells from SARS-CoV-2–infected mice (28 d.p.i.) and PBS controls. Across macrophages, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, infection induced mild-to-moderate increases in chromatin accessibility at the Csf3 promoter and putative enhancers, with similar accessibility gains at Il6, Il1b, Cxcl1, and Cxcl5 loci in multiple compartments. Motif enrichment and regulon analyses further indicated increased accessibility/activity of NF-κB and AP-1, along with elevated STAT3/STAT4 activity. Collectively, these data demonstrate that prior respiratory viral infection drives long-lasting epigenetic remodeling of cytokine loci in lung immune and structural cells.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE317577 | GEO | 2026/01/27

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: Type I interferons (IFNs) are essential to the clearance of viral diseases, in part by initiating upregulation of IFN regulated genes (IRGs). A clear distinction between genes upregulated directly by virus and genes upregulated by secondary IFN production has not been made. Here we investigated the genes regulated by IFN-a2b compared to the genes regulated by SARS-CoV infection in ferrets. Methods: We characterized early host immune responses in peripheral blood and lung necropsies of ferrets injected with IFN-a2b or infected with SARS-CoV/Tor 2 strain, using microarray analysis on the Affymetrix platform. Results: We identified a common IRG signature that was upregulated in both SARS-CoV infected ferrets as well as in ferrets injected with IFN-a2b. We also identified unique patterns of gene expression for leukocyte activation, cell adhesion and complement pathways between IFN-a2b injection and SARS-CoV infection. Conclusions: Our results define the effects of IFN-a2b on the immune system of ferrets highlighting genes regulated by IFN during SARS-CoV infection. We have shown the similarities and differences of top funcional gene groups as well as pathways that play key roles in early immune responses in ferrets in response to IFN-a2b or SARS-CoV. Key words: ferret, gene expression, SARS, interferon. Keywords: time course In experiments with IFN-a2b, for peripheral blood, 15 ferrets were randomly allocated to 3 groups: Day 0, 5 ferrets (no IFN injection), day 1, 6 ferrets (injected), and day 2, 4 ferrets (injected). For lung necropsies of injected ferrets with IFN-a2b, we used 12 ferrets in 3 groups: 4 ferrets, day 0 (no IFN injection), 4 ferrets, day 1 (injected) and 4 ferrets, day 2 (injected). Experimental groups for SARS-CoV infection was as follows: For peripheral blood, 3 and 4 ferrets for day 0 (no infection) and day 2 (infection) respectively. For lung neceropsies, a total of 9 ferrets in 3 groups, each with 3 replicates for day 0 (no infection), day 1 (infection) and day 2 (infection).

Project description:Purpose: The goals of this study are to compare the difference between WT and hCD147 mice, hACE2 and hCD147 mice lung tissues Transcriptomes after infection with SARS-CoV-2 Methods: After receiving anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium, each mouse of the WT group, hCD147 group, and hACE2 group was infected with SARS-CoV-2 by nasal drip at a dose of 3 x 10^5 TCID50. The lung tissues were take for RNA-seq at 2 dpi. each mouse of the hCD147 group, and hACE2 group was infected with SARS-CoV-2 by nasal drip at a dose of 3 x 10^5 TCID50. The lung tissues were take for RNA-seq at 2 dpi. Results: RNA-seq of lung homogenates from C57BL/6 and hCD147 mice at 2 d.p.i. showed 354 upregulated and 175 downregulated genes). hCD147 mice mediated strong inflammatory responses, including Th17 cell responses, the NF-kappaB pathway and MAPK pathway, etc. The levels of cytokines and chemokines were increased in the lung of hCD147 mice, such as IL6, IL10, ILbeta, CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL2, etc. Analysis of RNA-Seq data of hACE2 mice versus hCD147 mice showed that hACE2 mice had stronger antiviral responses, including type I IFN and IFNalpha/IFNbeta responses, while hCD147 mice showed activation of multiple proinflammatory pathways, which is consistent with clinical features of COVID-19 patients. The significantly upregulated genes during SARS-CoV-2 infection of hACE2 mice enriched in cellular response to IFN-?. The upregulated genes in SARS-CoV-2-infected hCD147 mice were enriched secretory proteins, including ILbeta, IL6 and CXCL1. Conclusions: CD147 mediates potent inflammatory responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection. RNA-seq of lung homogenates from hACE2 and hCD147 mice at 2 d.p.i. showed 354 upregulated and 175 downregulated genes). hCD147 mice mediated strong inflammatory responses, including Th17 cell responses, the NF-kappaB pathway and MAPK pathway, etc. The levels of cytokines and chemokines were increased in the lung of hCD147 mice, such as IL6, IL10, ILbeta, CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL2, etc.

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Respiratory viral infections prime accelerated lung cancer growth [scATAC-Seq]

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