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Transcriptional regulation of durum wheat response to abiotic stress

ABSTRACT: Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) is a major cereal and staple in the semi-arid regions of the Mediterranean Basin. After assembling the Platinum-quality reference genome for Svevo durum wheat cultivar, coupling PACBIO HiFi long read 35X sequencing with BIONANO Optical Mapping and Hi-C conformation capture, a complete and accurate gene annotation was then obtained by coupling Illumina RNASeq and Nanopore Isoseq sequencing from multiple tissues. The gene expression was investigated in root and shoot samples collected from plants grown under control condition or subjected to heat, salinity and osmotic stresses or to nitrogen application to create a transcriptional atlas of durum wheat response to abiotic stresses.

ORGANISM(S): Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

PROVIDER: GSE318338 | GEO | 2026/07/29

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: MicroRNAs are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that play critical roles in plant abiotic stress responses. The interaction between miRNA-mRNA targets and their regulatory pathways in response to water deficit stress has been investigated in many plant species. However, the miRNA transcriptome of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) is poorly characterised, with little known about miRNA functions related to water deficit stress. Yield loss in durum wheat can be exacerbated due to minimal rainfall in the early reproductive stages of development during Spring in Australia. This study describes genotypic differences in the miRNAome between water deficit tolerant/sensitive durum, using flag leaf and developing head tissue, and more specifically identifies miRNAs associated with water deficit stress. Results: Small RNA libraries (96 in total) were constructed from flag leaf and developing head tissues of four durum genotypes (Tamaroi, Yawa, EGA Bellaroi, Tjilkuri), with or without water deficit stress. Illumina sequencing and subsequent analysis detected 110 conserved miRNAs and 159 novel candidate miRNA hairpins. Statistical analysis of the abundance of sequencing reads revealed 66 conserved miRNAs and five novel miRNA hairpins showing differential expression under water deficit stress. During stress, several conserved and novel miRNAs showed unambiguous inverted regulatory profiles between the durum genotypes studied. Several miRNAs were also identified to have different abundance in the flag leaf compared to the developing head regardless of treatment. Predicted mRNA targets from four novel durum miRNAs were characterised using Gene Ontology (GO) which revealed functions common to stress responses and plant development. Conclusion: For the first time, we present a comprehensive study of the miRNA transcriptome of flag leaf and developing head tissues in different durum genotypes under water deficit stress. The identification of differentially expressed miRNAs provides molecular evidence that miRNAs are potential determinants of water stress tolerance in durum wheat. GO analysis of predicted targets contributes to the understanding of genotype-specific physiological responses leading to stress tolerance capacity. Further functional analysis of specific stress responsive miRNAs identified, and their interaction with mRNA targets is ongoing and will assist in developing future durum wheat varieties with enhanced water deficit stress tolerance.

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Transcriptional regulation of durum wheat response to abiotic stress

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