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Cholesterol-rich diet exacerbates steatohepatitis in the STAM mouse model

ABSTRACT: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a widespread chronic liver disorder spanning simple steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and fibrosis. Suitable animal models are crucial for therapeutic development, yet many fail to reproduce progression to fibrosing MASH. Here, we employed the STAM model in male C57BL/6J mice to simulate MASLD and investigated whether a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet would intensify disease progression compared with the standard high-fat (HF) diet. HFHC feeding in the STAM model accelerated hepatic lipid accumulation, crown-like structure formation, inflammation, and fibrosis, as demonstrated by histological analyses. Transcriptomic profiling and pathway enrichment confirmed activation of lipid and cholesterol metabolism, regulation of TNF production, and inflammatory signaling. Reactome analysis further indicated alterations in extracellular matrix formation and immune system pathways, consistent with advanced fibrotic progression. In summary, integration of HFHC feeding with the STAM model produced a more severe liver phenotype that better mirrors the pathological spectrum of MASLD.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE319011 | GEO | 2026/03/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), the inflammatory stage of MASLD, will soon be one of the primary causes of liver-related complications, including advanced fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Its steady increase in both the US and the global population is devastating. Between the two genders, more women are suffering from MASH compared to the man due to estrogen deficiency caused by polycystic ovary syndrome or menopause. Our published data shows a clear positive association between the progression of liver disease and the expression of novel hexokinase HKDC1 in the liver. Targeting HKDC1, which is highly expressed in pathological hepatocytes (in MASH) but negligible in normal hepatocytes, represents a highly selective approach. Therefore, we hypothesized that liver-specific deletion of HKDC1 will protect against diet-induced obesity and the progression of MASH to fibrosis. We used an early-onset liver knockout (LKO) of HKDC1 by crossing HKDC1 floxed mice with Albumin Cre mice to test our hypothesis. We fed the Western Diet to HKDC1LKO female mice along with HKDC1 floxed mice (HKDC1fl/fl; as Controls) for 28 weeks. Our data shows that HKDC1 deletion significantly decreases body weight and fat mass compared to HKDC1fl/fl mice with no changes in food intake and energy expenditure. Knockout mice have better glucose tolerance and lower fasting glucose levels than HKDC1fl/fl mice. Our data also shows that the knockout group has smaller livers, healthier liver parameters, less steatosis, and lower NAS and fibrosis scores. Furthermore, HKDC1 knockout alters hepatic gene expression, and we found significantly low proinflammatory and profibrogenic gene expression in the LKO mice. Although we did not see any changes in triglyceride levels, there was a significant reduction of serum cholesterol concomitant with enhanced expression of cholesterol metabolism genes in the knockout group. Our data suggest a promising protective role of HKDC1 deletion against diet-induced obesity and MASH mice.

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Cholesterol-rich diet exacerbates steatohepatitis in the STAM mouse model

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