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NF-κB transcriptionally perturbs p53 dynamics hampering DNA2repair.

ABSTRACT: Cells integrate multiple, often concurrent signals through intertwined genetic circuits whose dynamics14shape transcriptional programs and cell fate decisions. Among these, the tumor suppressor p53 and15the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB are central regulators of stress responses and cancer16biology, yet their dynamic crosstalk under co-activation remains poorly characterized. Here, we combine17genetic engineering, single-cell live imaging, transcriptome analysis and mathematical modeling to18dissect the dynamic interplay between p53 and NF-κB. We find that co-activation of NF-κB by19inflammatory cytokines significantly enhances p53 accumulation and modulates the expression of p5320target genes, while leaving NF-κB dynamics largely unaltered. Mechanistically, we show that NF-κB21activation increasesTP53transcription, and mathematical modeling demonstrates that this22transcriptional upregulation is sufficient to account for the observed perturbation of p53 dynamics.23Functionally, NF-κB co-activation rewires p53-dependent transcriptional programs and impairs p53-24mediated DNA repair following genotoxic stress, an effect that is absent in NF-κB-deficient cells. Our25results uncover a transcriptionally mediated amplification of p53 signaling by NF-κB that results in26functional antagonism, highlighting how the dynamic crosstalk between stress-responsive transcription27factors shapes cellular outcomes in complex signaling environments.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE320287 | GEO | 2026/02/28

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to induce the conversion of activated T-cells into regulatory T-cells in vitro. The marker CD69 is a target of canonical NF-κB signaling and is transiently expressed upon activation; however, stable CD69 expression defines cells with immunoregulatory properties. Given its enormous therapeutic potential, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of regulatory cells by MSCs. Peripheral blood CD3+ T-cells were activated and cultured in the presence or absence of MSCs. CD4+ cell mRNA expression was then characterized by microarray analysis. The drug BAY11-7082 and a siRNA against RELB were used to explore the differential roles of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling, respectively. Flow cytometry and real-time PCR were used for analyses. Genes with immunoregulatory functions, CD69 and non-canonical NF-κB subunits (RELB and NFKB2) were all expressed at higher levels in lymphocytes co-cultured with MSCs. The frequency of CD69+ cells among lymphocytes cultured alone progressively decreased after activation. In contrast, the frequency of CD69+ cells increased significantly following activation in lymphocytes co-cultured with MSCs. Inhibition of canonical NF-κB signaling by BAY immediately following activation blocked the induction of CD69; however, inhibition of canonical NF-κB signaling on the 3rd day further induced the expression of CD69. Furthermore, late expression of CD69 was inhibited by RELB siRNA. These results indicate that the canonical NF-κB pathway controls the early expression of CD69 after activation; however, in an immunoregulatory context, late and sustained CD69 expression is promoted by the non-canonical pathway and is inhibited by canonical NF-κB signaling. In order to study the molecular basis by which Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells (MSC) exert their immune regulatory function, immunomagnetically purified CD3+ T-cells from the peripheral blood of 3 individuals were activated and cultured in the presence or absence of MSCs. Following 5 days, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were further immunomagnetically selected and their gene expression profiles were obtained by microarrays and compared. Paired samples from 3 individuals were used for this analysis.

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NF-κB transcriptionally perturbs p53 dynamics hampering DNA2repair.

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