A single-cycle, recombinant VSV platform Nipah vaccine cross-protects against Hendra virus in nonhuman primates

ABSTRACT: Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are highly pathogenic paramyxoviruses that produce severe, often fatal disease in humans and animals. Zoonotic spillover of these henipaviruses from the Pteropus bat natural reservoir occurs near annually in densely populated regions of the world, particularly for NiV. Outbreaks of NiV frequently exceed case fatality rates of 75%, and NiV can be transmitted person-to-person. HeV is less transmissible between humans; however, infection is nearly always fatal. Approaches to human vaccine development have largely focused on NiV given the larger case burden, and immunogen selection has centered on display of the NiV attachment (G) or fusion (F) surface glycoproteins. However, experimental vaccines displaying these NiV antigens have failed to uniformly cross-protect against HeV disease in preclinical models. The HeV (G) antigen was shown to cross-protect against both HeV and NiV when delivered in a protein subunit form; however, attempts to utilize mRNA or canarypox vectors failed to achieve equivalent protection. We previously developed and evaluated two experimental vaccines to NiV and HeV using a single-cycle, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus platform (G*rVSV∆G) displaying either the (G) glycoprotein of HeV (G*rVSV∆G-HeV-G) or NiV (G*rVSV∆G-NiVB-G). The G*rVSV∆G-NiVB-G vaccine demonstrated ideal characteristics of rapid and durable protection in nonhuman primates, and the HeV-G vaccine was capable of cross protecting against both NiV and HeV in a lethal rodent model. In the present work, we show that the G*rVSV∆G-NiVB-G vaccine cross-protects against lethal HeV challenge, with the protective response driven by a balance of both cell-mediated and humoral compartments.

ORGANISM(S): Macaca fascicularis Chlorocebus sabaeus

PROVIDER: GSE324562 | GEO | 2026/08/07

REPOSITORIES: GEO