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Mesothelial plasticity regulates lung mechanical homeostasis in regeneration and fibrosis

ABSTRACT: Tissue mechanical adaptation is fundamental to organ development, regeneration and disease, yet the cellular mechanisms that regulate tissue mechanical adaptation remain poorly understood. Here we show that mesothelial cells are key regulators of lung mechanical adaptation. Following pneumonectomy, elevated stretch activates YAP and induces a transient fibroblast-like mesothelial cell state (F-LMC) characterized by reduced mesothelial identity, increased fibroblast feature, and extracellular-matrix remodeling at the pleural surface. Yap deletion suppresses F-LMC formation, resulting in lung overinflation and defective regeneration following pneumonectomy. By contrast, in fibrotic lungs, this mesothelial remodeling program is aberrantly activated and restricts lung inflation. Inhibition of this maladaptive response prevents the decline in lung capacity following bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, our findings redefine the mesothelium as a mechanosensitive regulator of organ-scale mechanical adaptation and reveal how pleural surface remodeling controls tissue mechanics during regeneration and disease.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE330802 | GEO | 2026/09/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The adult human lung has a very limited capacity to regenerate functional alveoli. In contrast, adult mice have a remarkable capacity for neoalveolarization following either lung resection or injury. The molecular basis for this unique capability to regenerate lung tissue in mice is largely unknown. We examined the transcriptomic responses to single lung pneumonectomy in adult mice in order to elucidate prospective molecular signaling used in this species during lung regeneration. Unilateral left pneumonectomy or sham thoracotomy was performed under general anesthesia (n = 8 mice per group for each of the four time points). Total RNA was isolated from the remaining lung tissue at four time points post-surgery (6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days) and analyzed using microarray technology. The observed transcriptomic patterns revealed mesenchymal cell signaling, including up-regulation of genes previously associated with activated fibroblasts (Tnfrsf12a, Tnc, Eln, Col3A1), as well as modulation of Igf1-mediated signaling. The data set also revealed early down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine transcripts, up-regulation of genes involved in T cell development and function, but few similarities to transcriptomic patterns observed during embryonic or post-natal lung development. Immunohistochemical analysis suggests that early fibroblast but not myofibroblast proliferation is important during lung regeneration and may explain the preponderance of mesenchymal-associated genes that are over-expressed in this model. This appears to differ from embryonic alveologenesis. These data suggest that modulation of mesenchymal cell signaling and proliferation may act in concert with immunomodulation to control inflammation during post-pneumonectomy lung regeneration in adult mice. Experiment Overall Design: For each of the four time points (6 hr, 1 day, 3 day, 7 day), the mice were divided into two groups: (1) pneumonectomy (PNY) and (2) sham operated (SHAM - thoracotomy without lung resection), with eight animals in each group. One microarray was performed on pooled lung tissue from these 8 animals for each time point. Analysis of expression in PNY vs SHAM animals was performed in two ways: using all four microarrays as replicates in a time-independent analysis, as well as analysis of each time point separately (time-dependent) without replicates.

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Mesothelial plasticity regulates lung mechanical homeostasis in regeneration and fibrosis

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