Genome-wide CRISPR screening on cytotoxic T lymphocytes mediated cell killing independent of Casp3
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE336303 | GEO | 2026/06/26
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:To gain insight into cytotoxic lymphocyte–mediated, Casp3, necroptosis, and Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) independent cancer cell death, we leveraged the a CTL–αCD3–P815 killing system and performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen. Cas9 expressing and Casp3-/-Mlkl-/-Bid-/- mouse mastocytoma P815 cells were first transduced with Brie gRNA library and subjected to cytotoxic T lymphocytes-mediated selection. Surviving cells were collected and sequenced to identify genes/gRNAs enriched following selection.
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Project description:we compare NK cells in presence of activated CD8 T cells or not. Although both natural killer (NK) cells and CD8 T cells are capable of anti-tumor responses, Recombinase Activating Gene (RAG)-deficient mice, which have a normal component of NK cells, are incapable of rejecting the P815 mastocytoma tumor. We established a model where monoclonal CD8 T cell reactivity was restricted to the tumor antigen (Ag) P1A expressed on the P815 mastocytoma. Reconstitution of the RAG-deficient mice with these (TCRP1A) T cells conferred resistance to tumor growth selectively for the P1A-expressing, but not for a P1A-negative variant of P815. Nevertheless, TCRP1A CD8 T cells were efficient and necessary to promote the NK cell dependent rejection of P1A-negative tumors when both P1A-positive and -negative tumors were present at the same site. Gene expression profiling in NK cells infiltrating the P1A-positive, as compared to the P1A-negative tumor, in mice transferred with TCRP1A CD8 T cells established their acquisition of an activated effector phenotype. Help from CD8 T cells was provided locally, as it did not induce activation of NK cells present in a P1A-negative variant at a distant site, nor the rejection of this variant. These results illustrate a mechanism by which, in the face of immunoselection / editing, the synergy between specific anti-tumor Ag T cells and NK cells can contribute to the elimination of tumor cells whether or not they express the tumor Ag. This mechanism appears ineffective, however, once tumor variants lacking the tumor Ag are separated from the wild-type tumor, as would be the case in tumor metastasis.
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Project description:Genome-wide CRISPR screening on cytotoxic T lymphocytes mediated cell killing independent of Casp3
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Project description:The genetic circuits that allow cancer cells to evade destruction by the host immune system remain poorly understood. To identify a phenotypically robust core set of genes and pathways that facilitate cancer cell-intrinsic evasion to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated killing, we performed genome-wide CRISPR screens across a panel of genetically diverse cancer models cultured in the presence of CTLs. We uncovered a core set of 182 genes whose individual perturbation leads to either cancer cell sensitivity or resistance to CTL toxicity. Systematic exploration of our dataset using genetic co-similarity reveals the hierarchical and coordinated nature by which genes and pathways act to orchestrate intrinsic CTL evasion, with discrete functional modules controlling the interferon response and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa)-induced cytotoxicity emerging as dominant sub-phenotypes. Our data establish a central role for previously identified negative regulators of the Type II interferon response (e.g. Ptpn2, Socs1, Adar1) in mediating intrinsic CTL evasion and demonstrate a requirement for the lipid droplet related gene Fitm2 for maintaining cell fitness upon exposure to interferon gamma (IFNg). Additionally, we identify the autophagy pathway as a conserved mediator of cancer intrinsic CTL evasion, required to resist cytokine-mediated cytotoxicity caused by IFNg and TNFa. By mapping cytokine- and CTL-based genetic interactions, as well as in vivo CRISPR screens, we illuminate the pleiotropic nature by which autophagy acts to orchestrate intrinsic CTL evasion and highlight the importance of our observed effects within the tumor microenvironment. Collectively, our data expands our appreciation of the genetic circuits that contribute to cancer intrinsic immune evasion, highlighting the importance of leveraging systematic functional genomics approaches for furthering our understanding of this biology.
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