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Molecular events in endometrial carcinosarcomas and the role of high mobility group AT-hook 2 in endometrial carcinogenesis.

ABSTRACT: The molecular events implicated in the development of endometrial carcinosarcoma remain poorly understood. Using complementary DNA microarrays, we analyzed a group of 15 endometrial carcinosarcomas and compared their gene expression profiles with those obtained from a group of 23 endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. We demonstrated changes in the expression of genes modulating processes such as the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, muscle differentiation, the expression of cancer/testis antigens, and immune response in endometrial carcinosarcomas. The high mobility group AT-hook 2 gene is an embryonic nuclear factor that mediates epithelial to mesenchymal transition in various tumor models, and it was among the genes overexpressed in endometrial carcinosarcomas. High mobility group AT-hook 2 overexpression was confirmed in 54% of endometrial carcinosarcomas by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, we found a significant inverse correlation between the expression of high mobility group AT-hook 2 and let-7b, a member of the let-7 family of microRNAs that represses high mobility group AT-hook 2 expression. These changes were also associated with overexpression of Lin28B, a suppressor of microRNA biogenesis that is implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Finally, high mobility group AT-hook 2 overexpression, which was detected in less than 3% of endometrioid endometrial carcinomas, was observed in many nonendometrioid carcinomas (46% of 28 samples). This pattern of expression, restricted to nonendometrioid carcinomas and endometrial carcinosarcomas, reflects a role for high mobility group AT-hook 2 in endometrial carcinogenesis that is associated with aggressive phenotypes and points to its potential use as a marker to distinguish between endometrioid and nonendometrioid tumors.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE33723 | GEO | 2012/11/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA148455

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Full title: comparison of the genomic (arrayCGH) profiles of endometrial cancer with and without prior prolonged tamoxifen treatment for primary breast cancer Purpose: Tamoxifen has been a very effective treatment for breast cancer for several decades, however, at the same time increases the risk of endometrial cancer, especially after prolonged exposure. In addition, tamoxifen has been associated with a higher proportion of unfavorable uterine tumor subtypes (carcinosarcomas and serous adenocarcinomas) with worse survival. We investigated whether endometrial tumors, which developed after prolonged tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer, are genetically different from endometrial tumors without preceding tamoxifen exposure. Experimental design: Array CGH was used on archival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) endometrial tumors to determine genomic aberrations. We compared the genomic profiles of 52 endometrial tumors from breast cancer patients after long-term (>=2 years) tamoxifen use (endometrioid adenocarcinomas n=26, carcinosarcomas n=14 and serous adenocarcinomas n=12) with endometrial tumors from unexposed breast cancer patients (n=45). Genomic profiles were correlated with tamoxifen exposure, tumor subtypes and histopathological characteristics of the endometrial tumors. Results: The common uterine corpus cancers of the endometrioid subtype show few genomic aberrations. Tumors with many genomic aberrations were in general ER-negative. In contrast, carcinosarcomas and serous adenocarcinomas showed many aberrations, however they were indistinguishable from each other. Tumors that developed after prolonged tamoxifen use did not show more or different aberrations than unexposed tumors. This was true for all tumor subtypes. Conclusion: Endometrial carcinomas that develop after prolonged tamoxifen use can not be distinguished from non-users on basis of their tumor genomic profile. 52 endometrial tumors from breast cancer patients after long-term (>=2 years) tamoxifen use (endometrioid adenocarcinomas n=26, carcinosarcomas n=14 and serous adenocarcinomas n=12) and 45 endometrial tumors from unexposed breast cancer patients

Project description:Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common female genital malignancy and the fourth most common cancer in women in the developing world1. EC has been traditionally classified into two main groups with different clinical, pathological and molecular features2,3. Type I or endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECs) account for about 75% of the cases and are typically estrogen-related and low-grade tumors with good prognosis that coexist or are preceded by endometrial hyperplasia, mainly diagnosed in perimenopausal women. In contrast, type II or non-endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (NEECs) are high-grade aggressive tumors associated with endometrial atrophy and poor prognosis, unrelated to estrogen and diagnosed in older women. These comprise several histological subtypes, being the most common the serous carcinomas (SEC)4. In recent years numerous large-scale studies of primary endometrioid and serous tumors have been performed5, revealing new mutated genes and establishing a new molecular subclassification based on the results obtained by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium6, which implies different clinical outcomes. More recently, the genomic evolution of EC has been analyzed through a comparative study of samples from endometrial atypical hyperplasia, primary tumors and paired metastases7, revealing the presence of intratumor heterogeneity as previously described in primary EC and other tumor types8,9. However an in-depth study considering multiple regions from primary tumor and paired metastases has not been performed up to now to our knowledge. Here we analyze by whole-exome sequencing (WES), massive parallel targeted sequencing and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) the clonal evolution and intratumor heterogeneity of 7 endometrioid and 3 serous metastatic endometrial carcinomas. Different locations from the primary tumor as well as from their paired metastases were included in the study, allowing the reconstruction of the spatial and temporal phylogenetic evolution of the tumor. Different phylogenetic evolution patterns were identified, independently of the classical histological or molecular classification of the tumor, although similar patterns were found in ovarian metastasis and recurrent disease.

Project description:Global gene expression patterns associated with early stage endometrial cancer have been reported, but changes in molecular expression associated with tumor grade, depth of myometrial invasion, and non-endometrioid histology have not been previously elucidated. Our group hypothesized there are unique genetic events underlying early endometrial carcinogenesis. Ninety-two samples of pathologically reviewed stage I endometrial cancers (80 endometrioid and 12 serous) with a heterogeneous distribution of grade and depth of myometrial invasion (i.e. 9 IAG1, 14 IAG2, 7 IAG3, 14 IBG1, 12 IBG2, 13 IBG3, 7 ICG1, 10 ICG2, and 6 ICG3) were examined in relation to 12 samples of atrophic endometrium from postmenopausal women. Specimens were analyzed using oligonucleotide microarray analysis and a subset of the differentially expressed transcripts was validated using quantitative PCR. Comparison of early stage cancers with normal endometrium samples by the univariate t-test with 10,000 permutations identified 900 genes that were differentially regulated by at least 4-fold at a p value of <0.001. Unsupervised analysis revealed that when compared to normal endometrium, serous and endometrioid stage I cancers appeared to have similar expression patterns. However, when compared in the absence of normal controls, they were distinct. Differential expression analysis revealed a number of transcripts that were common as well as unique to both histologic types. This data uncovers previously unrecognized, novel pathways involved in early stage endometrial cancers and identifys targets for prevention strategies that are inclusive of both endometrioid and serous histologic subtypes. Ninety-one samples of pathologically reviewed stage I endometrial cancers (79 endometrioid and 12 serous) with a heterogeneous distribution of grade and depth of myometrial invasion (i.e. 9 IAG1, 14 IAG2, 7 IAG3, 14 IBG1, 12 IBG2, 13 IBG3, 7 ICG1, 10 ICG2, and 6 ICG3) were examined in relation to 12 samples of atrophic endometrium from postmenopausal women. Specimens were analyzed using oligonucleotide array analysis.

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Molecular events in endometrial carcinosarcomas and the role of high mobility group AT-hook 2 in endometrial carcinogenesis.

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