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Placental growth factor as potential target against hepatocellular carcinoma in an orthotopic mouse model.

ABSTRACT: The placental growth factor (PlGF) is member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-family known to stimulate endothelial cell growth, migration and survival, attract angiocompetent macrophages and bone marrow progenitor cells and determine the metastatic niche. Unlike VEGF, genetic studies have shown that PlGF is specifically involved in the pathologic angiogenesis, thus its inhibition would not affect healthy blood vessels, providing an attractive drug candidate with a good safety profile. In this study, we assess whether inhibition of PlGF could be used as a potential therapy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), by using PlGF-knock out mice and monoclonal antibodies targeting PlGF in an orthotopic model for HCC. In addition, the effect of PlGF-antibodies is compared to that of Sorafenib, as well as the combination of both therapies. In our study we have found that both in a transgenic knock out model as in a treatment model, silencing or inhibition of PlGF significantly decreased tumour burden, not only by inhibiting the vascularisation, but also by decreasing hepatic macrophage recruitment and by normalizing the remaining blood vessels, thereby decreasing hypoxia and thus, reducing the pro-metastatic potential of HCC. Conclusion: considering its favourable safety profile and its pleiotropic effect on vascularisation, metastasis and inflammation, targeting PlGF could become a valuable therapeutic strategy against HCC.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE35289 | GEO | 2014/12/23

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA151591

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Placental growth factor as potential target against hepatocellular carcinoma in an orthotopic mouse model.

Project description:The placental growth factor (PlGF) is member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-family known to stimulate endothelial cell growth, migration and survival, attract angiocompetent macrophages and bone marrow progenitor cells and determine the metastatic niche. Unlike VEGF, genetic studies have shown that PlGF is specifically involved in the pathologic angiogenesis, thus its inhibition would not affect healthy blood vessels, providing an attractive drug candidate with a good safety profile. In this study, we assess whether inhibition of PlGF could be used as a potential therapy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), by using PlGF-knock out mice and monoclonal antibodies targeting PlGF in an orthotopic model for HCC. In addition, the effect of PlGF-antibodies is compared to that of Sorafenib, as well as the combination of both therapies. In our study we have found that both in a transgenic knock out model as in a treatment model, silencing or inhibition of PlGF significantly decreased tumour burden, not only by inhibiting the vascularisation, but also by decreasing hepatic macrophage recruitment and by normalizing the remaining blood vessels, thereby decreasing hypoxia and thus, reducing the pro-metastatic potential of HCC. Conclusion: considering its favourable safety profile and its pleiotropic effect on vascularisation, metastasis and inflammation, targeting PlGF could become a valuable therapeutic strategy against HCC. Hybridisation on the Mouse Gene Expression Microarray (Agilent) was performed in a single sample per chip and in a monocolore mode, using cyanine-3 (Cy3) labeling. Following conditions were assessed: 25W DEN + 5W αPlGF tumour tissue (n = 5), 25W DEN + 5W αPlGF surrounding tissue (n = 4), 25W DEN + 5W IgG tumour tissue (n = 5), 25W DEN + 5W IgG surrounding tissue (n = 4), 25W saline + 5W αPlGF (n = 3) and 25W saline + 5W IgG (n = 3).

2014-12-23 | E-GEOD-35289 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression changes induced in mouse bone marrow by placenta growth factor (PlGF) overexpression.

Project description:Placenta growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor family and plays an important role in adult pathological angiogenesis. To further investigate PlGF functions in tumor growth and metastasis formation, we used transgenic mice overexpressing PlGF. Recent studies demonstrate that tumor vascularization does not exclusively rely on preexisting vessels but also depends on bone marrow derived progenitor cells. The aim of the present work is to investigate the effect of the PlGF overexpression in the skin on the transcriptional landscape of bone marrow derived cells.

2021-11-01 | GSE52414 | GEO

Transcription profiling of human HUVECs treated with the angiogenic factors VEGF-A and PlGF in low or high serum media

Project description:HUVECs (human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells) are treated with the angiogenic factors VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor-A) and PlGF (placental growth factor) in low or high serum media.

2007-09-27 | E-GEOD-837 | biostudies-arrayexpress

angiogenesis

2003-11-28 | GSE837 | GEO

PlGF and IL6 effect on CD3/CD28-stimulated mouse splenic CD4+ T cell

Project description:T-helper (Th) cells actively communicate with adjacent cells by secreting soluble mediators, and yet crosstalk between Th cells and endothelial cells is poorly understood. Placental growth factor (PlGF), originally identified in the placenta, is an angiogenic factor homologous to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. We performed transcriptome analysis to systemically compare the effect of IL6, a key factor in Th cell polarization, and PlGF on T cell functions.

2019-06-14 | GSE118281 | GEO

Proteomics reveals ablation of PlGF down-regulate the insulin resistance pathway, increase antioxidant and neuroprotective proteins in the diabetic mice retina

Project description:PGF (Placental growth factor) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) sub-family a crucial factor in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Mechanisms by which PlGF expression is regulated remain to be investigated in diabetic retinopathy DR. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that PlGF, mediates in the early complications at non-proliferative DR remain mostly elusive. Here we have applied an LC-MS/MS-based label-free quantification proteomic approach to PlGF ablation in the retinal tissues from mouse strains (Akita, PlGF-/- and Akita.PlGF-/-). The proteomes of retinal tissues were extracted, digested by the Trypsin/LysC enzyme and subsequently analyzed by a Q-Exactive hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. We have performed normalization by the Z-score method, correlation by Pearson correlation coefficient and identified differentially expressed proteins in four comparisons. The gene ontology, functional pathways, and protein-protein network interaction analysis suggested that Gnb1, Gnb2, Gnb4, Gnai2, Gnao1, Snap2 and Gngt1 proteins are involved in insulin resistance pathways, which are down-regulated/ no significant in PlGF ablation in Akita diabetics (Akita.PlGF-/- vs. Akita), up-regulated in Akita vs. C57, PlGF-/- vs. C57. Prdx6, Map2 are involved in antioxidant activity and neural protection pathways respectively, which are up-regulated in Akita.PlGF-/- vs. Akita. Our proteomics outcomes anticipated that down-regulated of insulin resistance pathways, up-regulation of antioxidant and neuroprotection proteins might epitomize the potential mechanisms of anti-PlGF therapies in the treatment of DR.

2019-03-13 | PXD010757 | Pride

Fibroblasts associated with tumors refractory to anti-VEGF treatment

Project description:PDGF-C mediates the angiogenic and tumorigenic properties of fibroblasts associated with tumors refractory to anti-VEGF treatment Tumor associated fibroblasts (TAF) from different tumors exhibit distinct angiogenic and tumorigenic properties. Unlike normal skin fibroblasts (NSF) or TAF (TAF-TIB6) from TIB6 tumors that are sensitive to anti-VEGF treatment, TAF (TAF-EL4) from resistant EL4 tumors can stimulate TIB6 tumor growth even when VEGF is inhibited. We show that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-C is upregulated in TAFs from resistant tumors. PDGF-C neutralizing antibodies blocked the angiogenesis induced by such TAF in vivo and slowed the growth of EL4 and admixture (TAF-EL4 + TIB6) tumors and exhibited additive effects with anti-VEGF-A antibodies. Hence, our data reveal a novel mechanism for TAF mediated tumorigenesis and suggest that some tumors may overcome inhibition of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis through upregulation of PDGF-C

2009-01-05 | GSE13549 | GEO

Hypoxia-induced proteomic remodeling of human mammary cancer associated fibroblast - siRNA NCBP2-AS2

Project description:Intratumoral hypoxia causes the formation of dysfunctional blood vessels which contribute to tumor metastasis. Blood vessels are embedded in the tumor stroma where cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute the most prominent cellular component. We found that hypoxic human mammary CAFs promote blood vessel growth in CAF-endothelial cell co-cultures in vitro. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of CAF secretome unravels how hypoxic CAFs contribute to blood vessel abnormalities by altering the secretion of a multitude of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Hypoxia induces pronounced remodeling of the CAF proteome, including proteins that have not been previously related to this process. Amongst those, the uncharacterized antisense gene protein NCBP2-AS2 is one of the most transcriptionally upregulated proteins in the proteome and secretome of hypoxic CAFs. Silencing of NCBP2-AS2 abrogates the pro-angiogenic function acquired by hypoxic CAFs through decreasing VEGF expression levels to the levels found in normoxic CAFs.

2019-02-15 | PXD006539 | Pride

Functional expression of membrane alanyl-aminopeptidase (CD13/APN) promotes tumor cell proliferation and neoangiogenesis in malignant gliomas.

Project description:Malignant gliomas are characterized by marked neovascularization and increased tumor cell proliferation. Recently, membrane alanyl-aminopeptidase (CD13/APN) has been identified to play a crucial role in neoangiogenesis. In this study, we show that among various central nervous system tumors, malignant astrocytomas are unique in their high expression levels of functionally active CD13/APN. CD13/APN was found in both tumor cells and tumor vessels of malignant astrocytomas, while in low-grade astrocytomas only endothelial cells of tumor vessels expressed CD13/APN. Inhibitors of the enzymatic activity of CD13/APN significantly reduced the proliferation of U87MG and U138MG malignant glioma cells. Inhibition of CD13/APN mRNA expression by siRNA in glioma cells co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) effectively decreased blood vessel formation. Pro-angiogenic factors like bFGF and VEGF induced CD13/APN expression in glioma cells. Treatment of U87MG and U138MG cells with CD13/APN inhibitors resulted in an increased mRNA expression of VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) in these cells. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that CD13/APN promotes tumor cell proliferation and blood vessel formation in malignant astrocytomas. Remarkably, inhibition of CD13/APN induces an angiogenic expression profile via an autocrine feed-back mechanism involving the VEGF/VEGF-R2 system in malignant gliomas. Experimental design includes altogether four samples with two replicate controls (U87_APN_wt_EGFP) and two replicate samples (U87_APN_L243P_EGFP). Replicates are from two independent experiments.

2012-05-27 | E-GEOD-37923 | biostudies-arrayexpress

PlGF-1 and -2 induce hyperplasia and invasiveness of primary rheumatoid synoviocytes

Project description:Inflammation-mediated oncogenesis has been implicated in a variety of cancer types. Rheumatoid synovial tissues can be viewed as a tumor-like mass, consisting of hyperplastic fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). FLSs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have pro-migratory and invasive characteristics, which may be caused by chronic exposure to genotoxic stimuli, including hypoxia and growth factors. We tested whether a transformed phenotype of RA-FLSs is associated with placental growth factor (PlGF), a representative angiogenic growth factor induced by hypoxia. Here, we identified PlGF-1 and PlGF-2 as the major PlGF isoforms in RA-FLSs. Global gene expression profiling revealed that cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell migration were mainly represented by differentially expressed genes in RA-FLSs transfected with siRNA for PlGF. Indeed, PlGF-deficient RA-FLSs showed a decrease in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but an increase in apoptotic death in vitro. PlGF gene overexpression resulted in the opposite effects. Moreover, exogeneous PlGF-1 and PlGF-2 increased survival, migration, and invasiveness of RA-FLSs by binding their receptors, Flt-1 and NP-1, up-regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic molecules, pErk and Bcl2. Knock-down of PlGF transcripts reduced RA-FLS proliferation in a xeno-transplantation model. Collectively, in addition to their role for neovascularization, PlGF-1 and -2 promote proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion of RA-FLSs in an autocrine and paracrine manner. These results demonstrated how primary cells of mesenchymal origin acquired an aggressive and transformed phenotype. PlGF and its receptors thus offer new targets for anti-FLS therapy.

2015-01-14 | GSE64922 | GEO

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