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Rootstock and soil effects on grape transcriptome

ABSTRACT: Soil qualities and rootstocks are among the main factors that have been acknowledged to influence grape development as well as fruit and wine composition. Despite the role of the soil and rootstock in establishing a successful vineyard in terms of grape quality, almost no molecular evidence linking soil and rootstock properties to the gene expression have been reported. The transcriptome variation in response to different soils and rootstocks was investigated through microarray technology. The cv. Pinot Noir was grown on different soils: sand, turf and vineyard soil. The plants were grafted on the contrasting 101-14 and 1103 Paulsen rootstocks. The modulation of genes expression in response to different soils and rootstocks was evaluated considering their potential impact on primary (carbohydrate) and secondary (phenylpropanoid) metabolisms. ****[PLEXdb(http://www.plexdb.org) has submitted this series at GEO on behalf of the original contributor, Alessio Aprile. The equivalent experiment is VV41 at PLEXdb.]

ORGANISM(S): Vitis vinifera

PROVIDER: GSE42315 | GEO | 2014/11/05

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA181012

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Grafting is a well-established practice for grapevine to facilitate propagation of productive and tolerant cultivars against several stress factors. It is also considered to be a suitable method for studying molecular aspects of root-to-shoot and/or shoot-to-root signaling events. So far, controlling only effect of rootstock over scion was investigated and root-to-shoot transcriptomic alterations were fallowed on the scions or graft interfaces. The objective of this study was to investigate transcriptomic and physiological influence of scion on the rootstock under drought stress. Therefore, drought tolerant 110R rootstock were firstly grafted with sultana seedless and tested under drought stress with its non-grafted counterpart. The results of treatment indicated that grafted 110R performed the highest root elongation under drought. We carried out a microarray based transcriptome analysis on the roots of grafted and non-grafted 110R to explain this drought derived interaction through scion-to-rootstock. The highest expression increase under drought was recorded for sugar (SWEET) and nitrate or di/tri-peptide (NRT1/ PTR FAMILY) transporter proteins. Expression level of these genes was more highly increased in grafted 110R than its non-grafted counterpart. This situation indicated their potential role in drought tolerance and scion/rootstock harmony. Overexpression of these transporters attributed to increased amount of released nutrient and nitrogen source from abscised leaves of sultana seedless under drought. Remobilization of these rich sources was suggested to chance transcriptomic response of rootstocks and enabled much better growth in grafted 110R. Other transcripts annotated to cell wall modification enzymes (chitinases), osmoregulator proteins (dehydrins, proline-glycine rich proteins) and secondary metabolites (stilbene synthase) were also more highly induced in grafted 110R. This is the first report indicating transcriptomic influence of scion on the grapevine rootstocks and representing the genes responsible in scion/rootstock harmony and drought tolerance.

Project description:Background: Grape cultivars and wines are distinguishable by their color, flavor and aroma profiles. Omic analyses (transcripts, proteins and metabolites) are powerful tools for assessing biochemical differences in biological systems. Results: Berry skins of red- (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir) and white-skinned (Chardonnay, Semillon) wine grapes were harvested near optimum maturity from the same experimental vineyard and Ë?Brix-to-titratable acidity ratio. Identical sample aliquots were analyzed for transcripts by grapevine whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray and RNA-seq technologies, proteins by nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Principal components analysis of each of five Omic technologies showed similar results across cultivars in all Omic datasets. Comparison of the processed data of genes mapped in RNA-seq and microarray data revealed a strong Pearson's correlation (0.80). The exclusion of probesets associated with genes with potential for cross-hybridization on the microarray improved the correlation to 0.93. The overall concordance of protein with transcript data was low with a Pearson's correlation of 0.27 and 0.24 for the RNA-seq and microarray data, respectively. Integration of metabolite with protein and transcript data produced an expected model of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which distinguished red from white grapes, yet provided detail of individual cultivar differences. Conclusions: The five Omic technologies were consistent in distinguishing cultivar variation. There was high concordance between transcriptomic technologies, but generally protein abundance did not correlate well with transcript abundance. The integration of multiple high-throughput Omic datasets revealed complex biochemical variation amongst five cultivars of an ancient and economically important crop species. Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Semillon berries were harvested from Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Road Vineyard, Reno, NV, USA. Whole-genome microarray analysis was used to assess the transcriptomic response of berry skins at harvest, approximately 24 Â°Brix (2011 vintage). Vines were grown under water deficit and well-watered conditions. At least two clusters harvested from non-adjacent vines were used for each of five experimental replicates.

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Rootstock and soil effects on grape transcriptome

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