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Magnesium Availability Regulates Development of Root Hairs in Arabidopsis thaliana

ABSTRACT: Root hairs are frequently reported to be plastic in response to nutrient supply, but relatively little is known about their development in response to magnesium (Mg) availability, and evidence is scarce about the signals involved in this process. Here, we showed that both density and length of root hairs of Arabidopsis decreased logarithmically with increasing Mg supply in the media , which correlated with the initiation of new trichoblast files and likelihood of trichoblasts to form hairs. Low Mg resulted in greater concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ in the roots and displayed a stronger tip-focused gradient of ROS and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) during initiation and elongation of root hairs. This gradient could be eliminated by DPI or BAPTA. Application of either DPI or BAPTA to low Mg treatment blocked the enhanced development of root hairs. The opposite was true when the plants under high Mg were supplied with Ca2+ or PMS. Whole-genome transcriptome data revealed that the maximum differential expressed genes involved in ‘stress’, ‘oxidation reduction’, ‘ion transport and homeostasis’ and ‘cell wall organization’. A greater fraction of morphogenetic H-genes and root hair -specific genes as well as genes involved in ‘cell wall structure’ were up-regulated by 7-d treatment of 0.5 μM Mg but down-regulated by 7-d treatment of 10,000 μM Mg. It is concluded that a distinct and previously poorly characterized response of root hair development to Mg availability is presented in Arabidopsis where ROS and Ca2+ are the signaling molecules that control this response.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE42899 | GEO | 2012/12/14

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA183793

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: The unprecedented rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration and injudicious fertilization or heterogeneous distribution of Mg in the soil warrant further research to understand the synergistic and holistic mechanisms involved in the plant growth regulation. The objective of this work is to understand responses in plants along with interactive effect of elevated CO2 and Mg levels by comparing data on single stress with that of combined stresses. Results: This study investigated the influence of elevated CO2 (800 μL L−1) on physiological and transcriptomic profiles in Arabidopsis cultured in hydroponic media treated with 1 μM (low), 1000 μM (normal) and 10000 μM (high) Mg2+. Following 7-d treatment, elevated CO2 increased the shoot growth and chlorophyll content under both low and normal Mg supply, whereas root growth was improved exclusively under normal Mg nutrition. Notably, the effect of elevated CO2 on mineral homeostasis in both shoots and roots was less than that of Mg supply. Irrespective of CO2 treatment, high Mg increased leaf number but decreased root growth and absorption of P, K, Ca, Fe and Mn whereas low Mg increased the concentration of P, K, Ca and Fe in leaves. Elevated CO2 decreased the expression of genes related to cadmium response, cell redox homeostasis and lipid localization, but enhanced photosynthesis, signal transduction, protein phosphorylation, NBS-LRR disease resistance proteins and subsequently programmed cell death in low-Mg shoots. By comparison, elevated CO2 enhanced the response of lipid localization (mainly LTP transfer protein/protease inhibitor), endomembrane system, heme binding and cell wall modification in high-Mg roots. Some of these transcriptomic results are substantially in accordance with our physiological and/or biochemical analysis. Conclusions: Contrasting changes were found between roots and shoots with the shoot transcriptome being more severely affected by low Mg while the root transcriptome more affected by high Mg. Elevated CO2 had a greater effect on transcript response in low Mg-fed shoots as well as in high Mg-fed roots. The present findings broaden our current understanding on the interactive effect of elevated CO2 and Mg levels in the Arabidopsis, which may help to design the novel metabolic engineering strategies to cope with Mg deficiency/excess in crops under elevated CO2.

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Magnesium Availability Regulates Development of Root Hairs in Arabidopsis thaliana

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