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Inducible knockdown of Plasmodium gene expression using the glmS ribozyme

ABSTRACT: Conventional reverse genetic approaches for study of Plasmodium malaria parasite gene function are limited, or not applicable. Hence, new inducible systems are needed. Here we describe a method to control P. falciparum gene expression in which target genes bearing a glmS ribozyme in the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) are efficiently knocked down in transgenic P. falciparum parasites in response to exogenous glucosamine (GlcN) inducer. Using reporter genes, we show that the glmS ribozyme cleaves reporter mRNA in vivo leading to reduction in mRNA expression following GlcN treatment. GlcN-induced ribozyme activation also led to efficient reduction of reporter protein, which could be rapidly reversed by removing the inducer. The glmS ribozyme was validated as a reverse-genetic tool by integration into the essential gene and antifolate drug target dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (PfDHFR-TS). GlcN treatment of transgenic parasites led to rapid and efficient knockdown of PfDHFR-TS mRNA and protein. PfDHFR-TS knockdown led to a growth/arrest mutant phenotype and hypersensitivity to pyrimethamine. The glmS ribozyme is thus an important tool for study of P. falciparum essential genes and anti-malarial drug discovery.

ORGANISM(S): Plasmodium falciparum

PROVIDER: GSE43125 | GEO | 2013/09/03

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA184664

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Inducible knockdown of Plasmodium gene expression using the glmS ribozyme

Project description:Conventional reverse genetic approaches for study of Plasmodium malaria parasite gene function are limited, or not applicable. Hence, new inducible systems are needed. Here we describe a method to control P. falciparum gene expression in which target genes bearing a glmS ribozyme in the 3M-bM-^@M-2 untranslated region (3M-bM-^@M-2-UTR) are efficiently knocked down in transgenic P. falciparum parasites in response to exogenous glucosamine (GlcN) inducer. Using reporter genes, we show that the glmS ribozyme cleaves reporter mRNA in vivo leading to reduction in mRNA expression following GlcN treatment. GlcN-induced ribozyme activation also led to efficient reduction of reporter protein, which could be rapidly reversed by removing the inducer. The glmS ribozyme was validated as a reverse-genetic tool by integration into the essential gene and antifolate drug target dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (PfDHFR-TS). GlcN treatment of transgenic parasites led to rapid and efficient knockdown of PfDHFR-TS mRNA and protein. PfDHFR-TS knockdown led to a growth/arrest mutant phenotype and hypersensitivity to pyrimethamine. The glmS ribozyme is thus an important tool for study of P. falciparum essential genes and anti-malarial drug discovery. mRNA profiles were generated from 3D7 wild-type and DHFR-TS-GFP_glmS integrant parasites in untreated and treated with 10 mM Glucosamine conditions in duplicate.

2013-09-03 | E-GEOD-43125 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Plasmodium falciparum MORC protein modulates gene expression through interaction with heterochromatin

Project description:The MORC (microrchidia) family of proteins is highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells and have been shown to play diverse roles by forming protein-protein interactions with immune-responsive proteins, SWI chromatin remodeling complexes, histone deacetylases, and histone tail modifications across metazoans. To dissect the functional roles of MORC in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, we developed a glmS based ribozyme knockdown system to induce PfMORC knockdown upon glucosamine (GlcN) induction. We further conducted a transcriptomic analysis in PfMORC-HA-glmS knockdown parasites at the asexual stage to investigate alterations in global gene expression. Our results indicate an overrepresentation of downregulated genes belonging to the heterochromatin-associated hypervariable gene family proteins. Overall, we found that PfMORC controls the asexual gene expression of the P. falciparum and can be a potential target for malaria disease containment.

2023-11-15 | GSE241313 | GEO

Long read RNA-seq of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 for annotation of long non-coding RNAs

Project description:Important regulation occurs at the level of transcription in Plasmodium falciparum and growing evidence suggests that these apicomplexan parasites have complex regulatory networks. Recent studies implicate long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as transcriptional regulators in P. falciparum and as part of these regulatory networks. However, due to limited research and the lack of necessary experimental tools, our understanding of the role of lncRNAs in P. falciparum remains largely unelucidated. In this study, we improve the annotation of lncRNAs in order to provide researchers with a tool that will facilitate the study of P. falciparum lncRNAs in vitro.

2022-06-10 | E-MTAB-11766 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Hard-wiring in the Plasmodium falciparum transcriptome I

Project description:To help malaria parasites survive unpredictable host immune responses, it is known that genes for surface proteins express stochastically in Plasmodium falciparum. Here, we demonstrate that gene expression for intracellular metabolic functions may be preordained and insensitive to specific metabolic perturbations. In a tightly-controlled, large microarray study involving over 100 hybridizations to isogenic drug-sensitive and drug-resistant parasites, the lethal antifolate WR99210 failed to over-produce RNA for the biochemically and genetically proven target dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS). Beyond the target, this transcriptional obstinacy carried over to the rest of the parasite genome, including genes for target pathways of folate and pyrimidine metabolism. Even 12 hours after commitment to death, the transcriptome remained faithful to evolutionarily entrained paths. A system-wide transcriptional disregard for metabolic perturbations in malaria parasites may contribute to selective vulnerabilities of the parasite to lethal antimetabolites. While large protective metabolic responses were not detected, DNA microarrays helped capture small, but reproducible drug-dependent perturbations within hours of drug exposure. In addition, in Plasmodium cells that had adapted to long-term drug exposure, DNA microarrays revealed new, large genome-wide transcriptional adjustments in the hard-wired transcriptional program itself. Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum treated with WR99210 RNA from P. falciparum Dd2 and B1G9 (WR99210 resistant cell-line) trophozoites that had been treated with 10 nM WR99210 for varying durations (3, 6, 9, 15, 18, 21 and 24h) was hybridized against a common pool of trophozoite RNA from a cognate clone, a culture containing 0.1% (v/v) DMSO lacking drug was used as untreated control, microarray data were obtained from at least four hybridizations using RNA from two independent parasite cultures

2008-11-14 | E-GEOD-9724 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Parasite in vivo blood transcriptomes from Malawian children with cerebral malaria

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2016-06-24 | E-GEOD-83667 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Hard-wiring in the Plasmodium falciparum transcriptome II

2008-11-15 | GSE9868 | GEO

Hard-wiring in the Plasmodium falciparum transcriptome 2

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Knockdown of Plasmodium falciparum Jumonji C2 histone demethylase leads to a global perturbance of gene expression but does not alter var gene transcription

Project description:The gene expression of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is dynamically controlled by multiple factors and events including chromatin modifiers. Here, we addressed the effect of a temporary knockdown of the non-essential putative chromatin modifier P. falciparum JumonjiC2 histone demethylase (JmjC2) during asexual blood stages. While ribozyme-mediated transcript-knockdown of PfJmjC2 resulted in the differential transcription of many genes culminating in a delay of cycle progression, ChIPseq analysis pointed to only a few loci with which JmjC2 seemed to associate, including variant gene encoding loci. Knockdown also altered the methylation and acetylation patterns of H3K4 and H3K9, important for global gene regulation, including variant/virulence-associated gene families. However, RT-qPCR based analysis of variant (var) gene transcription of knocked-down or control parasites showed only a partial decrease of dominant var transcripts without changing variant gene transcription patterns. Collectively, JmjC2 appears to be an important, yet dispensable player at least during intraerythrocytic development. The differential transcription of many genes that results from the knockdown of JmjC2 probably reflects a generalized temporary delay in cycle progression.

2024-03-25 | GSE228097 | GEO

Hard-wiring in the Plasmodium falciparum transcriptome 2

Project description:To help malaria parasites survive unpredictable host immune responses, it is known that genes for surface proteins express stochastically in Plasmodium falciparum. Here, we demonstrate that gene expression for intracellular metabolic functions may be preordained and insensitive to specific metabolic perturbations. In a tightly-controlled, large microarray study involving over 100 hybridizations to isogenic drug-sensitive and drug-resistant parasites, the lethal antifolate WR99210 failed to over-produce RNA for the biochemically and genetically proven target dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS). Beyond the target, this transcriptional obstinacy carried over to the rest of the parasite genome, including genes for target pathways of folate and pyrimidine metabolism. Even 12 hours after commitment to death, the transcriptome remained faithful to evolutionarily entrained paths. A system-wide transcriptional disregard for metabolic perturbations in malaria parasites may contribute to selective vulnerabilities of the parasite to lethal antimetabolites. While large protective metabolic responses were not detected, DNA microarrays helped capture small, but reproducible drug-dependent perturbations within hours of drug exposure. In addition, in Plasmodium cells that had adapted to long-term drug exposure, DNA microarrays revealed new, large genome-wide transcriptional adjustments in the hard-wired transcriptional program itself. Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum treated with pyrimethamine RNA from pyrimethamine-treated parasite vs RNA from untreated control, Pyr-sensitive TM4/8.2 strain, pyrimethamine concentration at IC50 and treated for 0 h and 24 h, microarray data were obtained from at least four hybridizations using RNA from at lease two independent parasite cultures

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