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N6-methyladenosine Modulates Messenger RNA Translation Efficiency

ABSTRACT: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal messenger (mRNA) modification in mammalian mRNA. This modification is reversible and non-stoichiometric, which potentially adds an additional layer of variety and dynamic control of mRNA metabolism. The m6A-modified mRNA can be selectively recognized by the YTH family “reader” proteins. The preferential binding of m6A-containing mRNA by YTHDF2 is known to reduce the stability of the target transcripts; however, the exact effects of m6A on translation has yet to be elucidated. Here we show that another m6A reader protein, YTHDF1, promotes ribosome loading of its target transcripts. YTHDF1 forms a complex with translation initiation factors to elevate the translation efficiency of its bound mRNA. In a unified mechanism of translation control through m6A, the YTHDF2-mediated decay controls the lifetime of target transcripts; whereas, the YTHDF1-based translation promotion increases the translation efficiency to ensure effective protein production from relatively short-lived transcripts that are marked by m6A.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE63591 | GEO | 2015/06/09

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA268354

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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N6-methyladenosine Modulates Messenger RNA Translation Efficiency

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal messenger (mRNA) modification in mammalian mRNA. This modification is reversible and non-stoichiometric, which potentially adds an additional layer of variety and dynamic control of mRNA metabolism. The m6A-modified mRNA can be selectively recognized by the YTH family “reader” proteins. The preferential binding of m6A-containing mRNA by YTHDF2 is known to reduce the stability of the target transcripts; however, the exact effects of m6A on translation has yet to be elucidated. Here we show that another m6A reader protein, YTHDF1, promotes ribosome loading of its target transcripts. YTHDF1 forms a complex with translation initiation factors to elevate the translation efficiency of its bound mRNA. In a unified mechanism of translation control through m6A, the YTHDF2-mediated decay controls the lifetime of target transcripts; whereas, the YTHDF1-based translation promotion increases the translation efficiency to ensure effective protein production from relatively short-lived transcripts that are marked by m6A. PAR-CLIP and RIP was used to identify YTHDF1 binding sites followed by ribosome profling and RNA seq to assess the consequences of YTHDF1 siRNA knock-down

2015-06-09 | E-GEOD-63591 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Cell cycle-dependent YTHDF2 promotes mitotic entry by repressing WEE1

Project description:The m6A modification regulates mRNA stability and translation. Here we show that transcriptomic m6A modification is dynamic and the m6A reader protein YTHDF2 promotes mRNA decay during the cell cycle. Depletion of YTHDF2 leads to the delay of mitotic entry due to overaccumulation of WEE1, a negative regulator of CDK1. We demonstrate that WEE1 transcripts contain m6A modification, which promotes their decay through the m6A reader YTHDF2. Moreover, we found that YTHDF2 protein stability is dependent on CDK1 activity. Thus, CDK1, YTHDF2, and WEE1 form a feedforward regulatory loop to promote mitotic entry. We further identified CUL1, CUL4A, DDB1, and SKP2 as components of E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes that mediate YTHDF2 proteolysis. Our study provides insights into how cell cycle mediators modulate transcriptomic m6A modification, which in turn regulates the cell cycle.

2020-01-01 | GSE134700 | GEO

Structural basis of YTH domain as m6A reader

Project description:The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in almost all eukaryotic messenger RNAs, and is dynamically regulated. Therefore, identification of m6A readers is especially important in determining the cellular function of m6A. YTHDF2 has recently been characterized as the first m6A reader that regulates the cytoplasmic stability of methylated RNA. Here we show that YTHDC1 is a nuclear m6A reader and report the crystal structure of the YTH domain of YTHDC1 bound to m6A-containing RNA. We further determined the structure of another YTH domain, YTHDF1, and found that the YTH domain utilizes a conserved aromatic cage to specifically recognize the methyl group of m6A. Our structural characterizations of the YTHDC1-m6A RNA complex also shed light on the molecular basis for the preferential binding of the GG(m6A)C sequence by YTHDC1 and confirm the YTH domain as a specific m6A RNA reader. PAR-CLIP (Photoactivatable-Ribonucleoside-Enhanced Crosslinking and Immunoprecipitation) was applied to human YTHDC1 protein to identify its binding sites.

2014-09-18 | E-GEOD-58352 | biostudies-arrayexpress

YTHDF3 facilitates translation and decay of the N6-methyladenosine-modified RNA

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and plays important roles in cell differentiation and organism development. It regulates multiple steps throughout the RNA life cycle including RNA processing, translation, and metabolism, via the recognition by selective binding proteins. In cytoplasm, m6A binding protein YTHDF1 facilitates translation of m6A-modified mRNAs, and YTHDF2 accelerates the decay of m6A-modified transcripts. The biological function of YTHDF3, another cytoplasmic m6A binder of the YTH domain family, remains unknown. Here, we report that YTHDF3 promotes protein synthesis in synergy with YTHDF1, and affects methylated mRNA decay mediated by YTHDF2. Cells deficient in all of YTHDF proteins experience the most dramatic accumulation of the m6A-methylated transcripts. These results indicate that in cytoplasm, YTHDF proteins act in an integrated and cooperative network to accelerate metabolism of m6A-modified mRNAs. The combinative and dynamic nature of YTHDF proteins may collectively impact fundamental biological processes and diseases related to m6A RNA methylation.

2016-09-15 | GSE86214 | GEO

Dynamic O-GlcNAcylation of YTHDF proteins controls translation of m6A-modified mRNA

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal mRNA nucleotide modification in mammals, regulating critical aspects of cell physiology and differentiation. The YTHDF proteins are the primary readers of m6A modifications and exert physiological functions of m6A in the cytosol. Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of YTHDF proteins is critical to understanding m6A biology. Here, we report a mechanism that protein post-translational modifications control the biological functions of the YTHDF proteins. We find that YTHDF1 and YTHDF3, but not YTHDF2, carry high levels of nutrient-sensing O-GlcNAc modifications. O-GlcNAc modification attenuates the translation promoting function of YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 by blocking their interactions with proteins associated with mRNA translation. We further demonstrate that O-GlcNAc modifications on YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 regulate the assembly, stability, and disassembly of stress granule, facilitating rapid exchange of m6A-modified mRNAs in stress granules for recovery from stress. Therefore, our results discover an important regulatory pathway of YTHDF functions, adding an additional layer of complexity to the post-transcriptional regulation function of mRNA m6A.

2023-08-31 | GSE216570 | GEO

Expression data from YTHDF1 or YTHDF2 down-regulated PC9

Project description:The human YTH domain family protein (YTHDF) family is RNA binding protein which specifically recognizes N6-methyladenosine (m6A), and exerts distinct roles in eukaryocytes; YTHDF1 promotes the translation of m6A modified mRNAs collaborating with initiation factors, and YTHDF2 reduces the stability of the m6A-modified transcripts. We used the Nanostring nCounter to detail the differential gene expression by YTHDF1 and YTHDF2.

2021-08-24 | GSE171634 | GEO

YTHDF2 mediates the mRNA degradation in prostate cancer in m6A-dependent way

Project description:As the crucial m6A reader, YTHDF2 usually degrades the target mRNAs by recognizing the m6A modified sites, consequently altering m6A levels of each mRNA. In this study, we used m6A MeRIP sequencing to detect the m6A modification alterations in prostate cancer (PCa) cell line after knocking down YTHDF2 and identify how YTHDF2 promote the PCa progression by mediating the mRNA degradation in m6A-dependent way.

2020-11-09 | GSE129408 | GEO

YTHDF1-CLOCK axis contributes to pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation through LLPS [mRNA-seq]

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been implicated in many cell processes and diseases. YTHDF1, a translation-facilitating m6A reader, is not previously shown to be related to allergic airway inflammation. Here, we report that YTHDF1 is highly expressed in allergic airway epithelial cells (AECs) and asthmatic patients, and influences proinflammatory responses. CLOCK, a subunit of the circadian clock pathway, is the direct target of YTHDF1. YTHDF1 augments CLOCK translation in an m6A-dependent manner. Allergens enhance the liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS) of YTHDF1 and drive the formation of a complex comprising dimeric YTHDF1 and CLOCK mRNA, which is distributed to stress granules (SGs). Moreover, YTHDF1 strongly activates NLRP3 inflammasome production and IL-1β secretion, leading to airway inflammatory responses, but these phenotypes are abolished by deleting CLOCK. These findings demonstrate that YTHDF1 is an important regulator of asthmatic airway inflammation, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for allergic airway inflammation.

2024-03-15 | GSE256531 | GEO

YTHDF1-CLOCK axis contributes to pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation through LLPS [m6A-seq]

2024-03-15 | GSE256458 | GEO

Gene expression and m6A profiling for AGS cells with sh-NC or sh-YTHDF1 [RNA-seq and MeRIP-seq]

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is implicated in the progression of multiple cancers via influencing mRNA modification. Intersection of RNA-seq, Methylated RNA immune-precipitation (MeRIP)-seq, co-immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down and MeRIP-PCR were used to identify YTHDF1- modified USP14 and its m6A levels in GC cells. Intersection assays revealed that YTHDF1 promoted USP14 protein translation in an m6A-dependent manner. Our data suggested that m6A reader YTHDF1 facilitated tumorigenesis and metastasis of GC by promoting USP14 protein translation and might act as a clinical therapy for GC.

2021-04-07 | GSE166972 | GEO

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