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Effect of rapamycin and KU-0063794 on CTL gene expression

ABSTRACT: Comparison of transcriptional profile of CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes terated with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin or the mTOR inhibitor KU-0063794 and comparison with proteomic analysis. Abstract: High resolution mass spectrometry maps the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) proteome and the impact of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) on CTL. We show that the CTL proteome is dominated by metabolic regulators and granzymes and that mTORC1 selectively represses and promotes expression of a protein subset (~10%) including key CTL effector molecules and signaling proteins. mTORC1 also controlled flux through a subset of metabolic pathways rather than acting as an on/off switch for global CTL metabolism. Proteomic data highlighted the potential for mTORC1 negative control of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) production in CTL. Further work revealed that mTORC1 represses PIP3 production and determines the mTORC2 requirement for activation of the serine/threonine kinase AKT. Unbiased proteomic analysis thus provides a comprehensive understanding of CTL identity and mTORC1 control of CTL function.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE70925 | GEO | 2015/07/15

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA289932

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Mammalian Target of Rapamycin shapes the cytotoxic T cell proteome

Project description:High resolution mass spectrometry maps the CD8 cytotoxic cell (CTL) proteome and the impact of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) on CTL. We show mTORC1 selectively represses and promotes expression of a subset (10%) of CTL proteins including key CTL effector and adhesion molecules and adaptor proteins. mTORC1 also controls flux through a selective subset of metabolic pathways but is not an on/off switch for CTL metabolism. Proteomic data highlighted the potential for mTORC1 negative control of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) production in CTL. Further work revealed that mTORC1 represses PI(3,4,5)P3 production and controls the mTORC2 requirement for activation of the serine/threonine kinase AKT. Unbiased proteomic analysis thus provides a comprehensive understanding of CTL identity and mTORC1 control of CTL function.

2015-10-13 | PXD002928 | Pride

Phosphoproteomic analyses of IL-2 signaling reveals integrated JAK-dependent and independent phosphorylation networks that drive cytotoxic T cell fate

Project description:High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and Janus kinase (JAK) controlled protein phosphorylations in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) revealed JAKs coupled IL-2 receptors to diverse and complex serine/threonine kinase-substrate networks. These involved intricate, co-ordinated phosphorylation of transcription factors, chromatin regulators within the nuclear environment, cytosolic mRNA translational machinery, regulators of GTPases, vesicle trafficking proteins and the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. We also identified an IL-2-JAK independent SRC family Tyr kinase controlled signaling network that regulates ~10% of the CTL phosphoproteome. One key signaling pathway in CTL is mediated by phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) and the serine/threonine kinase AKT. Strikingly, SRC family kinase dependent but JAK independent signaling controlled PIP3 levels and AKT activity in CTL. IL-2-JAK controlled signaling pathways thus coordinate with IL-2 independent networks of protein phosphorylation to program CTL fate.

2016-08-25 | PXD004645 | Pride

Control of amino-acid transport coordinates metabolic reprogramming in T cell malignancy

Project description:Analysis of murine model of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) caused by deletion of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) reveals that primary T-ALL cells have high transport rates for multiple nutrients. In particular, high levels of leucine transport in T-ALL fuels mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity which then sustains expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF1a) and c-Myc, the drivers of glucose transport. A key finding is that PTEN deletion and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) accumulation is insufficient to initiate leucine uptake, mTORC1 activity, HIF1a or c-Myc expression in T cells and hence cannot drive T-ALL metabolic reprogramming. Instead, a key regulator for leucine transport in T-ALL is identified as NOTCH. Mass spectrometry based proteomics identifies SLC7A5 as the dominant System L-amino acid transporter in primary PTEN-/- T-ALL cells. Importantly, expression of SLC7A5 is critical for the malignant transformation induced by PTEN deletion. These data highlight the importance of regulated amino acid transport for T cell malignancies and how a single amino acid transporter can play a key role.

2018-10-08 | PXD006209 | Pride

Human Platelet PIP3 Signalosome

Project description:Platelets are small, anucleate cells that play an essential role in haemostasis, but can contribute critically to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Platelets express all four Class I Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) isoforms, with previous work revealing important roles for these enzymes in regulating platelet priming, activation and stable thrombus formation. Despite this, detailed mechanistic understanding of how these lipid kinases orchestrate these roles in platelets is limited. Class I PI3Ks predominantly regulate cell function through their catalytic product, the signalling phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), which coordinates the localisation and/or activity of a diverse range of binding proteins. The complete repertoire of these Class I PI3K effectors in platelets remains unknown, hampering current understanding of Class I PI3K-mediated regulation of platelet function. We therefore conducted a global, unbiased screen for PIP3-binding proteins in human platelets using affinity capture coupled to high resolution proteomic mass spectrometry. Thus, we present the first in depth analysis of the PIP3 signalosome of human platelets, revealing an extensive PIP3 interactome, including many proteins previously uncharacterised in this cell type. This work provides important new insights into how Class I PI3K shapes human platelet function.

2017-06-06 | PXD003777 | Pride

Akt phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate (IRS) to limit PI3K-mediated PI(3,4,5)P3 synthesis

Project description:The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt network is tightly controlled by feedback mechanisms that regulate signal flow and ensure signal fidelity. Here, we show that Akt itself engages negative feedback by phosphorylating insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 and 2 on a number of residues. Mechanistically this serves to deplete plasma membrane-localised IRS1/2 and reduce its interaction with the insulin receptor. Together these events limit plasma membrane associated PI3K and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) synthesis. We identified two Akt-dependent phosphorylation sites in IRS2 at S306 (S303 in mouse) and S577 (S573 in mouse) that are key drivers of this negative feedback. These findings establish another mechanism by which the kinase Akt auto-regulates its activity, through post-translational modification of the IRS scaffold that in turn controls PIP3 levels.

2021-07-14 | PXD023441 | Pride

PRMT5-mediated arginine methylation activates AKT kinase to govern tumorigenesis

Project description:AKT is involved in a number of key cellular processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. Hyperactivation of AKT is associated with many pathological conditions, particularly cancers. Emerging evidence indicates that arginine methylation is involved in modulating AKT signaling pathway. However, whether and how arginine methylation directly regulates AKT kinase activity remain unknown. Here we report that protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), but not other PRMTs, promotes AKT activation by catalyzing symmetric dimethylation of AKT1 at arginine 391 (R391). Mechanistically, AKT1-R391 methylation cooperates with phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate (PIP3) to relieve the pleckstrin homology (PH)-in conformation, leading to AKT1 membrane translocation and subsequent activation by phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2). As a result, deficiency in AKT1-R391 methylation significantly suppresses AKT1 kinase activity and tumorigenesis. Lastly, we show that PRMT5 inhibitor synergizes with AKT inhibitor or chemotherapeutic drugs to enhance cell death. Altogether, our study suggests that R391 methylation is an important step for AKT activation and its oncogenic function.

2022-02-17 | PXD026071 | Pride

Human inositol polyphosphate multikinase regulates transcript-selective nuclear mRNA export to preserve genome integrity

Project description:Messenger (m)RNA export from the nucleus is essential for eukaryotic gene expression. Here, we identify a transcript-selective nuclear export mechanism affecting certain human transcripts, enriched for functions in genome duplication and repair, controlled by inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), an enzyme catalyzing inositol polyphosphate and phosphoinositide turnover. We studied transcripts encoding RAD51, a protein essential for DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR), to characterize the mechanism underlying IPMK-regulated mRNA export. IPMK depletion or catalytic inactivation selectively decreases the nuclear export of RAD51 mRNA, and RAD51 protein abundance, thereby impairing HR. Recognition of a sequence motif in the untranslated region of RAD51 transcripts by the mRNA export factor ALY requires IPMK. Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), an IPMK product, restores ALY recognition in IPMK-depleted cell extracts, suggesting a mechanism underlying transcript selection. Our findings implicate IPMK in a transcript-selective mRNA export pathway controlled by phosphoinositide turnover that preserves genome integrity in humans. We used gene expression profiling to compare the abundance of cytoplasmic RNAs after IPMK depletion

2013-09-27 | E-GEOD-49658 | biostudies-arrayexpress

4E-BP1-dependent translation in nociceptors controls mechanical hypersensitivity via TRIM32/type I interferon signaling

Project description:Activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) contributes to the development of chronic pain. However, the specific mechanisms by which mTORC1 causes hypersensitivity remain elusive. The eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) is a key mTORC1 downstream effector that represses translation initiation. Here we show that nociceptor-specific deletion of 4E-BP1, mimicking activation of mTORC1-dependent translation, is sufficient to cause mechanical hypersensitivity.

2023-03-27 | GSE227978 | GEO

Human inositol polyphosphate multikinase regulates transcript-selective nuclear mRNA export to preserve genome integrity

2013-09-27 | GSE49658 | GEO

Transcription profiling by array of mouse immortalized embryonic fibroblasts to identify genes regulated by mTORC1

Project description:Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) is a critical regulator of cell growth by integrating multiple signals (nutrients, growth factors, energy and stress) and is frequently deregulated in many types of cancer. We used a robust experimental paradigm involving the combination of two interventions, one genetic and one pharmacologic to identify genes regulated transcriptionally by mTORC1. In Tsc2+/+, but not Tsc2-/- immortalized mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), serum deprivation downregulates mTORC1 activity. In Tsc2-/- cells, abnormal mTORC1 activity can be downregulated by treatment with rapamycin (sirolimus). By contrast, rapamycin has little effect on mTORC1 in Tsc2+/+ cells in which mTORC1 is already inhibited by low serum. Thus, under serum deprived conditions, mTORC1 activity is low in Tsc2+/+ cells (untreated or rapamycin treated), high in Tsc2-/- cells, but lowered by rapamycin; a pattern referred to as a M-^Slow/low/high/lowM-^T or M-^SLLHLM-^T, which allowed the identification of genes regulated by mTORC1 by performing the appropriate comparisons

2011-08-02 | E-GEOD-27982 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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