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High-throughput sequencing reveals change of microRNA expression caused by allopolyploidization in Cucumis

ABSTRACT: Allopolyploidy is long recognized as an essential driving force in plant evolution. Recent studies have demonstrated that small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), play important roles in the process of allopolyploidy. However, the question that how the distinct parent-of-origin miRNAs are maintained in allopolyploids and how these small RNAs affect gene expression and phenotypes remain to be answered. Therefore, we investigated the miRNA expression profiles of a synthesized allotetraploid, Cucumis ×hytivus and its parents. The different developmental stages of leaves of C. ×hytivus showing contrasting leaf colour were compared as well. Following high-throughput sequencing, 546 conserved and 287 novel miRNAs were identified. The expression levels of nine miRNAs obtained by quantitative real-time PCR were consistent with the sequencing results. We detected that 15 miRNAs were divergently expressed between the parent species, and 23 miRNAs were differentially expressed in C. ×hytivus compared to either of its parents or both, which suggests the significant effect of allopolyploidization on miRNAs accumulation. Additionally, 26 conserved and 13 novel miRNAs differed in expression between the young and mature leaves of C. ×hytivus, indicating an essential role of miRNA-mediated regulation of leaf development following allopolyploidization. This study enriches the context of allopolyploidy effect on miRNAs and lays a foundation for the elucidation of the miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism in phenotypic variation in allopolyploids.

ORGANISM(S): Cucumis hystrix Cucumis sativus Cucumis x hytivus

PROVIDER: GSE79757 | GEO | 2019/08/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are produced in diverse species and control gene expression and epigenetic regulation. Although physiological and developmental roles of miRNAs and siRNAs have been extensively studied in plants and animals, expression diversity and evolution of miRNAs and siRNAs in closely related species are poorly understood. Here we report comprehensive analyses of miRNA expression and siRNA distribution in two closely related species (Arabidopsis thaliana and A. arenosa), a natural allotetraploid (A. suecica), and two resynthesized allotetraploid lines (F1 and F7) derived from A. thaliana and A. arenosa. The siRNA populations present in A. thaliana were maintained in resynthesized allotetraploids and A. suecica. Although miRNA sequences were highly conserved, their expression patterns were highly variable between the allotetraploids and their progenitors. Significantly, many miRNAs were nonadditively expressed in the allotetraploids relative to the parents and preferentially degraded A. thaliana or A. arenosa targets. Stable inheritance of parental siRNAs in allopolyploids helps maintain genome stability in response to M-bM-^@M-^\genomic shockM-bM-^@M-^], whereas expression diversity of miRNAs and their target preference lead to interspecies variation in gene expression, growth, and development. NOTE: sff files unavailable for Samples AaL and F1L. 10 samples examined: Arabidopsis thaliana leaf, flower, Arabidopsis arenosa leaf and flower, F1 synthetic allopolyploid leaf and flower, F7 synthetic allopolyploid leaf and flower, Arabidopsis suecica leaf and flower. To determine small RNA profiles in Arabidopsis allotetraploids and their progenitors, we made 10 small RNA libraries from rosette leaves (L) and flower buds (F) in five lines, A. thaliana, A. arenosa, Allo(F1), Allo733(F7), and A. suecica. To examine expression of small RNAs among related species and their hybrids, we employed miRNA microarrays and compared small RNA levels.

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High-throughput sequencing reveals change of microRNA expression caused by allopolyploidization in Cucumis

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