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RNA-Sequencing analysis of BET inhibitor resistant cell lines

ABSTRACT: Targeting BET bromodomain proteins utilizing small molecules in an emerging anti-cancer strategy with clinical evaluation of at least six inhibitors now underway. While MYC downregulation was initially proposed as a key mechanistic property of BET inhibitors, recent evidence suggests that additional anti-tumor activities are important. Using the Eμ-Myc model of B-cell lymphoma we demonstrate that BET inhibition with JQ1 is a potent inducer of p53-independent apoptosis that occurs in the absence of effects on Myc gene expression. JQ1 skews the expression of pro-apoptotic (Bim) and anti-apoptotic (BCL-2/BCL-xL) BCL-2 family members to directly engage the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Consistent with this, Bim knockout or Bcl-2 overexpression inhibited apoptosis induction by JQ1. We identified lymphomas that were either intrinsically resistant to JQ1-mediated death or acquired resistance following in vivo exposure. Strikingly, in both instances BCL-2 was strongly upregulated and was concomitant with activation of RAS pathways. Eμ-Myc lymphomas engineered to express activated Nras upregulated BCL-2 and acquired a JQ1-resistance phenotype. These studies provide important information on mechanisms apoptosis induction and resistance to BET-inhibition, while providing further rationale for the translation of BET inhibitors in aggressive B-cell lymphomas.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE87050 | GEO | 2016/09/18

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA343310

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Synergistic activity of BET protein antagonist-based combinations in Mantle Cell Lymphoma cells sensitive or resistant to ibrutinib

Project description:To determine the global transcriptome changes in mantle cell lymphoma cells following treatment with the BET bromodomain antagonist, JQ1 Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) cells exhibit increased B cell receptor and NFkB activities. The BET protein BRD4 is essential for the transcriptional activity of NFkB. Here, we demonstrate that treatment with the BET protein bromodomain antagonist (BA) JQ1 attenuates MYC and CDK4/6, inhibits the nuclear RelA levels and the expression of NFÎºB target genes including Brutonâs Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) in MCL cells. While lowering the levels of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 family proteins, BA treatment induces the pro-apoptotic protein BIM and exerts dose-dependent lethality against cultured and primary MCL cells. Co-treatment with BA and the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib synergistically induces apoptosis of MCL cells. Compared to each agent alone, co-treatment with BA and ibrutinib markedly improved the median survival of mice engrafted with the MCL cells. BA treatment also induced apoptosis of the in vitro isolated, ibrutinib-resistant MCL cells which overexpress CDK6, BCL2, Bcl-xL, XIAP and AKT, but lack ibrutinib resistance-conferring BTK mutation. Co-treatment with BA and panobinostat (pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor) or palbociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) or ABT-199 (BCL2 antagonist) synergistically induced apoptosis of the ibrutinib-resistant MCL cells. These findings highlight and support further in vivo evaluation of the efficacy of the BA-based combinations with these agents against MCL, including ibrutinib-resistant MCL. MO2058 cells treated with vehicle, 250 nM or 1000 nM JQ1 for 8 hours. Samples were acquired and analyzed in duplicate.

2015-12-31 | E-GEOD-70651 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Co-inhibition of BET proteins and PI3Kα triggers mitochondrial apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells

Project description:Remodeling transcription by targeting bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins has emerged as promising anticancer strategy. Here, we identify a novel synergistic interaction of the BET inhibitor JQ1 with the PI3Kα-specific inhibitor BYL719 to trigger mitochondrial apoptosis and to suppress tumor growth in models of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). RNA-Seq revealed that JQ1/BYL719 co-treatment shifts the overall balance of BCL-2 family gene expression towards apoptosis and upregulates expression of BMF, BCL2L11 (BIM) and PMAIP1 (NOXA) while downregulating BCL2L1 (BCL-xL).

2020-02-19 | GSE145469 | GEO

IL-6 promotes MYC-induced B cell lymphomagenesis independent of STAT3

Project description:The inflammatory cytokine IL-6 is known to play a causal role in the promotion of cancer, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be completely understood. Interplay between endogenous and environmental cues determines the fate of cancer development. The Eμ-myc transgenic mouse expresses elevated levels of c-Myc in the B cell lineage and develops B cell lymphomas with associated mutations in p53 or other genes linked to apoptosis. We generated Eμ-myc mice that either lacked the IL-6 gene, or lacked the STAT3 gene specifically in B cells to determine the role of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in tumor development. Using the Eμ-myc lymphoma mouse model, we demonstrate that IL-6 is a critical tumor promoter during early stages of B cell lymphomagenesis. IL-6 is shown to inhibit the expression of tumor suppressors, notably BIM and PTEN, thereby advancing MYC-driven B cell tumorigenesis. Several miRNAs known to target BIM and PTEN are upregulated by IL-6 and likely lead to the stable suppression of pro-apoptotic pathways early during the tumorigenic process. STAT3, a classical downstream effector of IL-6, appears dispensable for Eμ-myc driven lymphomagenesis. We conclude that the growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic mechanisms activated by IL-6 are critically involved in Eμ-myc driven tumor initiation and progression, but the B cell intrinsic expression of STAT3 is not required.

2021-02-02 | GSE165205 | GEO

Temporal analysis of Brd4 displacement in the role of B cell survival, proliferation and differentiation

Project description:JQ1 is a BET-bromodomain inhibitor that has immunomodulatory effects. However, the precise molecular mechanism that JQ1 targets to elicit changes in antibody production is not understood. Our results show that JQ1 induces apoptosis, reduces cell proliferation, and as a consequence, inhibits antibody secreting cell differentiation. ChIP-sequencing reveals a selective displacement of Brd4 in response to acute JQ1 treatment (<2 hours), resulting in specific transcriptional repression. After 8 hours, subsequent alterations in gene expression arose as a result of global loss of Brd4 occupancy. We demonstrate that apoptosis induced by JQ1 was solely attributed to the pro-apoptotic protein Bim (Bcl2l11). Conversely, cell cycle regulation by JQ1 was associated with multiple Myc-associated gene targets. Our results demonstrate that JQ1 drives temporal changes in Brd4 displacement that results in a specific transcriptional profile that directly affects B cell survival and proliferation to modulate the humoral immune response.

2020-08-13 | GSE156126 | GEO

Synergistic activity of BET protein antagonist-based combinations in Mantle Cell Lymphoma cells sensitive or resistant to ibrutinib

Project description:To determine the global transcriptome changes in mantle cell lymphoma cells following treatment with the BET bromodomain antagonist, JQ1 Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) cells exhibit increased B cell receptor and NFkB activities. The BET protein BRD4 is essential for the transcriptional activity of NFkB. Here, we demonstrate that treatment with the BET protein bromodomain antagonist (BA) JQ1 attenuates MYC and CDK4/6, inhibits the nuclear RelA levels and the expression of NFκB target genes including Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) in MCL cells. While lowering the levels of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 family proteins, BA treatment induces the pro-apoptotic protein BIM and exerts dose-dependent lethality against cultured and primary MCL cells. Co-treatment with BA and the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib synergistically induces apoptosis of MCL cells. Compared to each agent alone, co-treatment with BA and ibrutinib markedly improved the median survival of mice engrafted with the MCL cells. BA treatment also induced apoptosis of the in vitro isolated, ibrutinib-resistant MCL cells which overexpress CDK6, BCL2, Bcl-xL, XIAP and AKT, but lack ibrutinib resistance-conferring BTK mutation. Co-treatment with BA and panobinostat (pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor) or palbociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) or ABT-199 (BCL2 antagonist) synergistically induced apoptosis of the ibrutinib-resistant MCL cells. These findings highlight and support further in vivo evaluation of the efficacy of the BA-based combinations with these agents against MCL, including ibrutinib-resistant MCL.

2015-12-31 | GSE70651 | GEO

Effects of BRD4 inhibition in AML

Project description:The BET (bromodomain and extra terminal) protein family members including BRD4 bind to acetylated lysines on histones and regulate the expression of important oncogenes, e.g., MYC and BCL2. Here we demonstrate the sensitizing effects of the histone hyperacetylation inducing pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDI) panobinostat (PS) on human AML blast progenitor cells (BPCs) to the BET protein inhibitor JQ1. Treatment with JQ1 but not its inactive enantiomer (R-JQ1) was highly lethal against AML BPCs expressing mutant NPM1c+ with or without co-expression of FLT3-ITD, or AML expressing MLL fusion oncoprotein. JQ1 treatment reduced binding of BRD4 and RNA polymerase II to the DNA of MYC and BCL2, and reduced their levels in the AML cells. Co-treatment with JQ1 and the HDAC inhibitor panobinostat (PS) synergistically induced apoptosis of the AML BPCs, but not of normal CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. This was associated with greater attenuation of MYC and BCL2, while increasing p21, BIM and cleaved PARP levels in the AML BPCs. Co-treatment with JQ1 and PS significantly improved the survival of the NOD/SCID mice engrafted with OCI-AML3 or MOLM13 cells (p < 0.01). These findings highlight co-treatment with a BRD4 antagonist and an HDI as a potentially efficacious therapy of AML. Two samples were analyzed (untreated cells, cells treated with JQ1)

2014-01-01 | E-GEOD-51950 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Effects of BRD4 inhibition in AML

2014-01-01 | GSE51950 | GEO

Gene Expression profiling of Myc-induced lymphomagenesis

Project description:The ability of oncogenes to provoke cancer is harnessed by regulators that control cell proliferation or induce apoptosis, and bypass of these checkpoints is a hallmark of malignancies. Myc oncoproteins are overexpressed in ~70% of all cancers and induce numerous transcription targets that regulate cell growth, metabolism, and the ribosome machinery. We used the Eμ-Myc mouse model from which one can directly compare expression profiles of wild type versus Myc-expressing B220+ pre-malignant lymphocytes and also queried differences in gene expression that ensue following the neoplastic switch to lymphoma (Nilsson et al., 2005 - PMID:15894264 and Keller et al. 2010 - PMID:20598117). Wild type and precancerous Eμ-Myc transgenic B cells (from 4-6 week old littermates), and lymphomas from 13 independent Eμ-Myc mice were investigated. These samples were used for subsequent RNA purification, labeling and hybridization to MOE430A Affymetrix arrays.

2011-10-31 | E-GEOD-32239 | biostudies-arrayexpress

DNMT3B7 disrupts embryonic development and accelerates lymphomagenesis

Project description:Cancer cells have an altered distribution of DNA methylation and express aberrant DNA methyltransferase 3B transcripts, which encode truncated proteins. To test if a truncated DNMT3B isoform disrupts DNA methylation in vivo, we constructed transgenic mice expressing DNMT3B7, a common truncated DNMT3B isoform in cancer cells. DNMT3B7 transgenic mice exhibit altered embryonic development, including lymphopenia, craniofacial abnormalities, and cardiac defects, similar to Dnmt3b-deficient animals, but rarely develop cancer. However, DNMT3B7 expression increases the frequency of mediastinal lymphomas in Eμ−myc animals. Eμ-myc/DNMT3B7 lymphomas have more chromosomal rearrangements, increased global methylation levels, and more locus-specific perturbations in DNA methylation patterns compared to Eμ-myc lymphomas. Our results demonstrate that a truncated DNMT3B protein can alter tumorigenesis, suggesting a similar role in human tumors. Direct comparison of DNA methylation in lymphoma samples from Eu-Myc vs Eu-Myc/Dnmt3b7 mice.

2010-07-30 | E-GEOD-21273 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Global gene expression response to BET inhibition in two cancer cell lines

Project description:The MYC transcription factor is a master regulator of diverse cancer pathways and somatic cell reprogramming. MYC is a compelling therapeutic target that exhibits cancer-specific cellular effects. Pharmacologic inhibition of MYC function has proven challenging due to its numerous modes of forced expression and the difficulty of disrupting protein-DNA interactions. Here we demonstrate the rapid and potent abrogation of MYC gene transcription by representative small molecule bromodomain inhibitors of the BET family of chromatin adaptors. This transcriptional suppression of MYC was observed in the context of the natural, chromosomally translocated, and amplified gene locus. Inhibition of BET bromodomain-promoter interactions and subsequent reduction of MYC transcript and protein levels resulted in G1 arrest and extensive apoptosis in a variety of leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. Exogenous expression of MYC from an artificial promoter that is resistant to BET regulation significantly protected cells from growth suppression by BET inhibitors and revealed that MYC exerts a direct and tight control of key pro-growth and anti-apoptotic target genes. Transcriptional profiling of two cells after 4 and 8 hours of treatment with BET inhibitor shows that both MYC and its targets are strongly down-regulated. We thus demonstrate that pharmacologic inhibition of MYC is achievable through targeting BET bromodomains, and suggest that such inhibitors may have broad clinical applicability given the widespread pathogenetic role of MYC in cancer. LP-1, a multiple myeloma cell line, and Raji, a Burkitt lymphoma cell line, were treated with BET inhibitor and an inactive enantiomer for 4 or 8 hours. Two biological replicates of each sample were profiled on exon arrays.

2011-09-18 | E-GEOD-29449 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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