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Pervasive epigenetic effects of Drosophila euchromatic transposable elements impact their evolution [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: We study the relatively unexplored evolutionary consequences of the epigenetic effects of transpoable elements (TEs) by providing the first genome-wide quantification of such effects in wild-derived D. melanogaster and D. simulans strains. Surprisingly, over half of euchromatic TEs show spread of repressive epigenetic marks to nearby DNA, resulting in differential epigenetic states of homologous genic alleles and, in return, selection against TEs. Interestingly, compared to D. melanogaster, the lower TE content in D. simulans is correlated with stronger epigenetic effects of TEs and higher levels of host genetic factors known to promote epigenetic silencing. We conclude that the epigenetic effects of euchromatic TEs, and host genetic factors modulating such effects, play a critical role in the population dynamics of TEs within and between species.

OTHER RELATED OMICS DATASETS IN: PRJNA373933PRJNA373904PRJNA373899

ORGANISM(S): Drosophila simulans Drosophila melanogaster

PROVIDER: GSE94741 | GEO | 2017/07/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA373933

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Pervasive epigenetic effects of Drosophila euchromatic transposable elements impact their evolution [ChIP-seq]

Project description:We study the relatively unexplored evolutionary consequences of the epigenetic effects of transpoable elements (TEs) by providing the first genome-wide quantification of such effects in wild-derived D. melanogaster and D. simulans strains. Surprisingly, over half of euchromatic TEs show spread of repressive epigenetic marks to nearby DNA, resulting in differential epigenetic states of homologous genic alleles and, in return, selection against TEs. Interestingly, compared to D. melanogaster, the lower TE content in D. simulans is correlated with stronger epigenetic effects of TEs and higher levels of host genetic factors known to promote epigenetic silencing. We conclude that the epigenetic effects of euchromatic TEs, and host genetic factors modulating such effects, play a critical role in the population dynamics of TEs within and between species.

2017-07-01 | GSE94735 | GEO

Pervasive epigenetic effects of Drosophila euchromatic transposable elements impact their evolution

Project description:Pervasive epigenetic effects of Drosophila euchromatic transposable elements impact their evolution

| PRJNA373904 | ENA

Pervasive epigenetic effects of Drosophila euchromatic transposable elements impact their evolution [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Pervasive epigenetic effects of Drosophila euchromatic transposable elements impact their evolution [ChIP-seq]

| PRJNA373899 | ENA

Pervasive epigenetic effects of Drosophila euchromatic transposable elements impact their evolution [RNA-seq]

Project description:Pervasive epigenetic effects of Drosophila euchromatic transposable elements impact their evolution [RNA-seq]

| PRJNA373933 | ENA

Euchromatic transposon insertions trigger production of novel pi- and endo-siRNAs at the target sites in the Drosophila germline

Project description:The control of transposable element (TE) activity in germ cells provides genome integrity over generations. A distinct small RNA-mediated pathway utilizing Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) suppresses TE expression in gonads of metazoans. In the fly, primary piRNAs derive from so-called piRNA clusters, which are enriched in damaged repeated sequences. These piRNAs launch a cycle of TE and piRNA cluster transcript cleavages resulting in the amplification of piRNA and TE silencing. Using genome-wide comparison of TE insertions and ovarian small RNA libraries from two Drosophila strains, we found that individual TEs inserted into euchromatic loci form novel dual-stranded piRNA clusters. Formation of the piRNA-generating loci by active individual TEs provides a more potent silencing response to the TE expansion. Like all piRNA clusters, individual TEs are also capable of triggering the production of endogenous small interfering (endo-si) RNAs. Small RNA production by individual TEs spreads into the flanking genomic regions including coding cellular genes. We show that formation of TE-associated small RNA clusters can down-regulate expression of nearby genes in ovaries. Integration of TEs into the 3' untranslated region of actively transcribed genes induces piRNA production towards the 3'-end of transcripts, causing the appearance of genic piRNA clusters, a phenomenon that has been reported in different organisms. These data suggest a significant role of TE-associated small RNAs in the evolution of regulatory networks in the germline. The fractions of small RNAs (19-29 nt) from ovaries of y[1]; cn[1] bw[1] sp[1] line of Drosophila melanogaster were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000.

2014-02-07 | E-GEOD-46105 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Selective silencing of euchromatic L1s revealed by genome-wide screens for L1 regulators

Project description:Transposable elements (TEs) are now recognized not only as parasitic DNA, whose spread in the genome must be controlled by the host, but also as major players in shaping genome evolution and providing genetic substrates for evolving new regulatory functions. Long INterspersed Element-1 (LINE-1 or L1), the only currently autonomous mobile transposon in humans, occupies 17% of the genome and continues to generate inter- and intra-individual genetic variation, in some cases resulting in disease. Nonetheless, our knowledge of how L1 activity is controlled and what function L1s play in host gene regulation remains fragmentary. Here, we use CRISPR/Cas9 screening strategies in two distinct human cell lines to provide the first genome-wide survey of genes involved in L1 retrotransposition control. Through this approach we identified functionally diverse genes that either promote or restrict L1 retrotransposition. These factors control the L1 life cycle at transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels, and in a manner which in some, but not in other cases depends on the endogenous L1 sequence, underscoring the complexity of L1 regulation. We further investigated L1 restriction by three candidate regulators, MORC2 and HUSH (human silencing hub) complex subunits TASOR and MPP8. HUSH/MORC2 selectively bind evolutionarily young, full-length L1s immersed within transcriptionally permissive euchromatic environment, and promote H3K9me3 deposition for transcriptional silencing. Interestingly, these silencing events often occur within introns of transcriptionally active host genes, and lead to down-regulation of host gene expression in a HUSH/MORC2-dependent manner. Together, our data provide a rich resource for studies of L1 retrotransposition, elucidate a novel L1 restriction pathway, and illustrate how epigenetic silencing of TEs can influence host gene expression programs.

2017-12-06 | GSE95374 | GEO

Proteome Plasticity in Drosophila Hybrids

Project description:This submission contains 3 different datasets: - series A: D. melanogaster female ? D. simulans male embryos vs internal standard of pooled D. simulans and D. melanogaster (1:1) embryos - series B: D. simulans female ? D. melanogaster male embryos vs internal standard of pooled D. simulans and D. melanogaster (1:1) embryos - series E: D. melanogaster female ? D. simulans male adult heads vs internal standard of pooled D. simulans and D. melanogaster (1:1) adult heads Each dataset is in triplicates. Quantitation was performed with isobaric isotopologues labelling.

| MSV000081535 | MassIVE

Topoisomerase VI participates to a chromatin barrier-like function that prevents heterochromatin spreading in euchromatic islands (HTS)

Project description:The plant Topoisomerase VI complex has been implicated in a wide array of biological processes but little is known about its precise molecular role. In this study, we provide evidence that Topo VI acts as a chromatin barrier between chromatin territories by interacting with methionine adenosyltransferases (MAT), which produce the universal donor of methyl groups S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM). We first show that pericentromeric transposable elements (TEs) are awakened whereas euchromatic island genes (EIGs) within heterochromatin are downregulated in mutants of the Topo VI complex. Consistent with this, the level of repressive H3K9me2 marks increases at EIGs loci while it decreases at TEs in a hypomorphic Topo VI mutant. We demonstrate that the Topo VI complex can interact with the SAM synthase MAT3 and drives it to TEs. A deficiency of Topo VI induces relocation of MAT3 from TEs to EIGs islands, leading to the levelling of the H3K9me2 mark and hence heterochromatin spreading.

2018-09-12 | GSE103924 | GEO

Detection of duplication polymorphisms in the Drosophila simulans genome

Project description:In order to characterize duplication polymorphisms in Drosophila simulans, we applied comparative genome hybridization (CGH) using tiling arrays originally designed to cover the full euchromatic genome of its sister species D. melanogaster. We only used the ~900,000 probes in the tiling arrays that had a perfect and unique match to the D. simulans genome (droSim1). We inferred copy number changes with a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) that returned the posterior probabilities for copy number by comparing DNA hybridization intensities between natural isolates. The probabilities of mutation were parsed to make duplication calls. The supplementary file linked to each Sample record contains for each probe, its location in the D. simulans genome and its posterior probability of being duplicated (output from the Hiddem Markov Model)

2011-09-01 | GSE29260 | GEO

Topoisomerase VI participates to a chromatin barrier-like function that prevents heterochromatin spreading in euchromatic islands (mRNA microarray)

2019-04-03 | GSE129248 | GEO

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