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A history of obesity leaves an inflammatory fingerprint in liver and adipose tissue [Liver]

ABSTRACT: Dieting is a popular yet often ineffective way to lower body weight, as the majority of people regain most of their pre-dieting weights in a relatively short time. The underlying molecular mechanisms driving weight regain and the increased risk for metabolic disease are still incompletely understood. Here we investigate the molecular alterations inherited from a history of obesity. In our model, male HFD fed obese C57BL/6J mice, were switched to a low caloric chow diet, resulting in a decline of body weight to that of lean mice. Within seven weeks after diet switch, most obesity associated phenotypes, such as body mass, glucose intolerance and blood metabolite levels were reversed. However, hepatic inflammation, hepatic steatosis as well as hypertrophy and inflammation of perigonadal, but not subcutaneous, adipocytes persisted in formerly obese mice. Transcriptional profiling of liver and perigonadal fat revealed an upregulation of pathways associated with immune function and cellularity. Thus, we show that weight reduction leaves signs of inflammation in liver and perigonadal fat, indicating that persisting proinflammatory signals in liver and adipose tissue could contribute to an increased risk of formerly obese subjects to develop the metabolic syndrome upon recurring weight gain.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE97269 | GEO | 2017/09/05

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA381160

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The prevalence of obesity has been increasing rapidly worldwide during the past two decades. This is alarming, since obesity has considerable effects on morbidity and mortality. The majority of gene expression studies about the effect of obesity and weight loss have been performed using the adipose tissue for mRNA extraction. However, also the liver plays a central role in maintaining energy balance. To our knowledge, no overall analysis of hepatic gene expression in response to changes in nutritional status has been made in humans Therefore, it is important to investigate how a short-time hypocaloric diet affects overall hepatic gene expression and the metabolic profile in a group of overweight and obese women. The subjects (n=31) were middle-aged, overweight (BMI>25 kg/m2) women with gallstone disease scheduled for an elective gallbladder operation. The intervention subjects were placed on a hypocaloric AHA step I diet with a recommended daily energy intake of 5.0 MJ. The objective was to reduce 0.5 kg of body weight per week. The control subjects were instructed to continue their habitual diet and not to lose weight. Basic clinical measurements and laboratory analyses were performed twice at baseline and at two week intervals during the weight reduction period. Surgical liver biopsies were obtained at the end of the weight reduction period. RNA samples of 4 individuals from the intervention group and 4 individuals from the control group were selected for the microarray analysis. The results from the microarray analysis were fairly surprising. Only one gene was up-regulated and the rest 142 down-regulated in the diet intervention group compared to the control group when a minimum of 2-fold change was set as the limit. The global decrease in hepatic gene expression was unexpected but the results are interesting, with several genes not previously linked to weight reduction. The decrease in triglyceride and fasting plasma insulin concentrations observed in our study is in accordance with results from many previous weight-loss trials. Keywords: Overall hepatic gene expression associated with obesity and moderate weight loss in a group of overweight and obese middle-aged women.

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A history of obesity leaves an inflammatory fingerprint in liver and adipose tissue [Liver]

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