Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE19832: Trichoderma virens transcript levels during mycoparasitism GSE23382: Trichoderma atroviride transcript levels during mycoparasitism GSE23410: Trichoderma reesei transcript levels during mycoparasitism Refer to individual Series
Project description:Lactose (1,4-0-M-CM-^_-d-galactopyranosyl-d-glucose), a by-product from cheese manufacture or whey processing industries, is known to induce the formation of plant biomass hydrolyzing enzymes needed for the biorefinery industry in the fungus Trichoderma reesei, but the reason for this induction and the underlying mechanism are not fully understood. Here, we used systems analysis of the Trichoderma reesei transcriptome during utilization of lactose. We found that the respective CAZome encoded glycosyl hydrolases specifically tailored for the attack of monocotyledon xyloglucan. In addition, genes for a high number of putative transporters of the major facilitator superfamily were also induced. Systematic knock out of them identified a gene whose knock-out completely impaired lactose utilization and cellulase induction in Trichoderma reesei. These data shed new light on the mechanism by which Trichoderma reesei metabolizes lactose and illuminate the key role of M-CM-^_-D-galactosides in habitat specificity of this fungus. We used two biological replicas of Trichoderma reesei growing on lactose, glucose and glycerol
Project description:Lactose (1,4-0-ß-d-galactopyranosyl-d-glucose), a by-product from cheese manufacture or whey processing industries, is known to induce the formation of plant biomass hydrolyzing enzymes needed for the biorefinery industry in the fungus Trichoderma reesei, but the reason for this induction and the underlying mechanism are not fully understood. Here, we used systems analysis of the Trichoderma reesei transcriptome during utilization of lactose. We found that the respective CAZome encoded glycosyl hydrolases specifically tailored for the attack of monocotyledon xyloglucan. In addition, genes for a high number of putative transporters of the major facilitator superfamily were also induced. Systematic knock out of them identified a gene whose knock-out completely impaired lactose utilization and cellulase induction in Trichoderma reesei. These data shed new light on the mechanism by which Trichoderma reesei metabolizes lactose and illuminate the key role of ß-D-galactosides in habitat specificity of this fungus.
Project description:Many Trichoderma spp. are successful plant beneficial microbial inoculants due to their ability to act as biocontrol agents with direct antagonistic activities to phytopathogens, and as biostimulants capable of promoting plant growth. This work investigates the effects of treatments with three selected Trichoderma (strains T22, TH1 and GV41) to strawberry plants on the productivity and proteome of the formed fruit. Proteomic analysis of fruits,harvested from the plants previously treated with Trichoderma and control plants was performed by using a TMT-based protein quantification strategy. Bioinformatic analysis of the differential proteins accumulation in fruits, harvested from the treated plants, revealed a central network of interacting molecular species, that demonstrated the modulation of different plant physiological processes following the microbial inoculation.
Project description:Trichoderma erinaceum secretome The use of lignocellulosic biomass is something that has been encouraged considering the search for sustainable alternatives mainly in the energy sector. However, to use such biomass as feedstock, its degradation is necessary aiming the formation of sugars that could be used in fermentation. For this conversion, enzymatic cocktails with degradative capacity are used, which are normally composed for the of filamentous fungi secretomes. The present work presents the characterization of Trichoderma erinaceum aiming at its use as a producer of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Cultivations were conducted using Mandels-Andreotti media enriched with four different carbon sources (glucose, avicel, pretreated sugarcane straw, or energy cane bagasse) in different time points (72h, 96h, 120h, 144h), and the supernatants were analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine the various patterns of enzyme secretion resulting from the modification of components within the media.
Project description:In the quest to discover novel antifungal agents and new antifungal production processes, we investigated the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) for ilicicolin H in the fungus Trichoderma reesei. While the BGC is silent under standard cultivation conditions, we achieved to activate it by over-expressing its transcription factor TriliR. Successful BGC activation was confirmed by RT-qPCR, proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Metabolomic profiling upon BGC expression revealed high-yield production of the supposed main product ilicicolin H. To elucidate the functionality of this BGC, we employed a combination of overexpression and deletions of individual biosynthetic gene cluster constituents. Deletion of triliA, encoding for the core polyketide synthase TriliA, completely ceased product formation, as expected. In contrast to previous heterologous expression experiments, we could demonstrate that the epimerase TriliE is necessary for the formation of ilicicolin H in the native host. While we hardly observed any of the previously reported side- or shunt products associated with heterologous ilicicolin H expression, we discovered a novel member of the ilicicolin family using a metabolomic molecular networking approach. This new compound, which we termed ilicicolin K, is expressed in substantial amounts in the genetically engineered Trichoderma reesei, enabling us to elucidate its structure by NMR. The structure of ilicicolin K is similar to that of ilicicolin H but differs by an additional hydroxylation and an intramolecular etherification of the hydroxyl group at the pyridone towards the tyrosine moiety of the molecule. Initial tests of ilicicolin K showed antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus nidulans with a similar minimum inhibitory concentration as ilicicolin H.
Project description:Plant-beneficial fungi from the genus Trichoderma (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) can control oomyceteous plant-pathogenic Pythium myriotylum (Peronosporales, Oomycota) and thus serve as bioeffectors for the eco-friendly products of crop protection. However, the underlying mechanisms of microbe-microbe interactions have yet to be fully understood. In this study, we focused on the role of the Trichoderma secretome induced by P. myriotylum mycelia. For this purpose, we selected strains showing strong (T. asperellum, T. atroviride, T. virens), moderate (T. cf. guizhouense, T. reesei), and weak (T. parepimyces) activities, respectively, and cultured with the sterilized P. myriotylum mycelia. Secreted proteins were analyzed using label-free LC-MS/MS, bioinformatic localization prediction, gene ontology (GO) annotation, and ortholog analysis. The exoproteomic analysis quantified proteins in the six Trichoderma spp., suggesting unequal antagonistic mechanisms among the strong and weak strains, respectively, with different proportions of putative cellulases, proteases, redox enzymes, and extracellular proteins of unknown function. Notably, proteolysis-related proteins were abundant, while the abundant proteases tended not to be conserved across the species (i.e., non-orthologous). Putative cellobiohydrolases were detected abundantly in all Trichoderma species except for the weak antagonist T. parepimyces, even though its genome encodes for these proteins. Notably, secretomes of the most potent anti-Pythium bioeffectors tended to have higher endo-cellulase activity. Cellulose and other glucans are major components of the oomycete cell wall, which was partly reflected in the cellulases produced by the Trichoderma species. The varying abundances of orthologous proteins suggested the evolution of differing transcription regulation mechanisms across the Trichoderma genus in response to the ubiquitous presence of Oomycota.