Project description:Evolutionary conserved biological rhythms play a fundamental role in the physiology and behavior of all light-sensitive organisms. Generation of rhythmic expression of clock-controlled genes is orchestrated by a molecular circadian clock constitutes by interconnected negative feedback loops of transcription factors. In this study, we want to characterize gene which also present a rhythmic translation through the characterization of genes with a rhythmic polysomal/total RNA ratio. Analyze of gene expression in liver total RNA and polysomal RNA harvested every 2 hrs during 2 series of 48 hrs, 2 mice per samples
Project description:Tea is a widely consumed beverage and its constituent polyphenols have been associated with potential health benefits. Although black tea polyphenols have been reported to possess potent anticancer activities, the effect of its polyphenols, theaflavins on the tumor's cellular proteasome function, an important biological target in cancer prevention, has not been carefully studied. Here black tea extract (T5550) enriched in theaflavins inhibited the chymotrypsin-like (CT) activity of the proteasome and proliferation of human multiple myeloma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Also an isolated theaflavin (TF-1) can bind to, and inhibit the purified 20S proteasome, accompanied by suppression of tumor cell proliferation, suggesting that the tumor proteasome is an important target whose inhibition is at least partially responsible for the anticancer effects of black tea.
Project description:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with localized bone involvement characterized by the presence of bone erosions. Evidence-based data suggest that under inflammatory conditions, classical monocytes are the main source of osteoclasts and might be involved in bone erosion pathophysiology. Here, we analyze the transcriptomic profile of classical monocytes in erosive and non-erosive rheumatoid arthritis patients in order to better understand their contribution to bone erosion. Thirty-nine premenopausal RA patients and 20 healthy age-matched women were recruited for this study. Classical monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood through negative selection. Sequencing library was constructed using the Quant-seq® 30 mRNA-Seq Library Prep Kit (Lexogen®) and sequenced using an Illumina Seq 2500 platform (Illumina®). Differential expression analysis was performed between patients and control groups. Therefore, gene sets analysis was performed to identify the enriched biological pathways. Results suggested that alterations in pathways related to the inflammatory process and impairment of bone formation have an important role in the pathophysiology of bone erosions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Project description:Theabrownin (TB) is a heterogeneous biomacromolecule, extracted from tea, with many functional groups. Importantly, TB possesses diverse health benefits, such as antitumor activity and blood lipid-lowering effects. Presently, the content of TB in tea extract is relatively low. Here, we obtained a deep-processed black tea extract with a high content of TB (close to 80%), which was named Herbt Tea Essences (HTE). Currently, this study was designed to evaluate the biosafety of high-content TB products on mice. We implemented acute and subacute toxic experiments to assess its safety on organs, the serum biochemical and molecular levels. In the acute exposure study, we found that the median lethal dose (LD50) value of HTE was 21.68 g/kg (21.06-24.70 g/kg, greater than 5 g/kg), suggesting that HTE had a low acute toxicity. In the 28-day subacute exposure study, our results showed that no abnormal effects were observed in the 40 and 400 mg/kg/day HTE-treated groups. However, we observed slight nephrotoxicity in the 4000 mg/kg/day HTE-treated group. The HTE-induced nephrotoxic effect might involve the inflammatory response activation mediated by the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. This study would provide valuable data for the TB safety assessment and promote this natural biomacromolecule application in daily drinking.
Project description:Engineered gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have become a useful tool in various therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Uncertainty remains regarding possible impacts of GNPs to the immune system. In this regard, we investigated the interactions of polymer-coated GNPs with B cells and their functions in mice as they constitute a crucial part of the immune system and represent a potential target for systemically administered GNPs. Surprisingly, we observed that polymer-coated GNPs mainly interact with the recently identified subpopulation of B lymphocytes named Age-associated B cells (ABCs). Importantly, we also showed that GNPs did not affect the percentages of other B cell populations in different organs. Furthermore, GNPs did not activate B cell innate-like immune responses in any of the tested conditions, nor did they impair adaptive B cell responses in immunized mice. Together, these data provide an important contribution to otherwise limited knowledge about GNP interference with B cell immune function, and demonstrate that GNPs represent a safe tool to target ABCs in vivo for various potential applications.
Project description:A highly specific and high extraction-rate method for the analysis of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), and di-(2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate (DEHP) in tea samples was developed. Based on three-factor Box-Behnken response surface design, solid-phase extraction (SPE) of five phthalate ester (PAE) residues in tea was optimized. Optimal extraction conditions were found for extraction temperature (40 °C), extraction time (12 h), and ratio of tea to n-hexane (1:20). The dynamic distribution of PAEs at each stage of black tea processing was also analyzed, and it was found that the baking process was the main stage of PAE emission, indicating that traditional processing of black tea significantly degrades PAEs. Further, principal component analysis of the physicochemical properties and processing factors of the five PAEs identified the main processing stages affecting the release of PAEs, and it was found that the degradation of PAEs during black tea processing is also related to its own physicochemical properties, especially the octanol-water partition coefficient. These results can provide important references for the detection, determination of processing losses, and control of maximum residue limits (MRLs) of PAEs to ensure the quality and safety of black tea.
Project description:The treatment of dermatophytoses, the most common human fungal infections, requires new alternatives. The aim of this study was to determine the antidermatophytic activity of the aqueous Azorean Black Tea extract (ABT), together with an approach to the mechanisms of action. The phytochemical analysis of ABT extract was performed by HPLC. The dermatophytes susceptibility was assessed using a broth microdilution assay; potential synergies with terbinafine and griseofulvin were evaluated by the checkerboard assay. The mechanism of action was appraised by the quantification of the fungal cell wall chitin and β-1,3-glucan, and by membrane ergosterol. The presence of ultrastructural modifications was studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The ABT extract contained organic and phenolic acids, flavonoids, theaflavins and alkaloids. It showed an antidermatophytic effect, with MIC values of 250 µg/mL for Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 125 µg/mL for Trichophyton rubrum and 500 µg/mL for Microsporum canis; at these concentrations, the extract was fungicidal. An additive effect of ABT in association to terbinafine on these three dermatophytes was observed. The ABT extract caused a significant reduction in β-1,3-glucan content, indicating the synthesis of this cell wall component as a possible target. The present study identifies the antidermatophytic activity of the ABT and highlights its potential to improve the effectiveness of conventional topical treatment currently used for the management of skin or mucosal fungal infections.
Project description:Polyphenol oxidation during fermentation plays a critical role in the formation of flavor and function of black tea. However, how the specific structures of tea polyphenols affect their oxidation kinetics during black tea fermentation is still unknown. Here, we found that the oxidations of tea polyphenols, including 7 catechins, 4 phenolic acids and 11 flavonoid glycosides followed pseudo-first-order kinetics during fermentation. Molecular structure and oxygen concentration collaboratively regulated the oxidation rate of different polyphenols. Pyrogallol structure was more easily to be oxidized than catechol and monophenol structure in B-ring, the gallic group in C-ring could inhibit oxidation of catechins, while the role of sugar moiety of flavonoid glycosides was differentiating. In addition, oxygen was found to be the key factor limiting the oxidation rate of polyphenols in regular black tea fermentation, and the oxidation rate constants of tea polyphenols were linearly and positively correlated with oxygen concentration.
Project description:Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform with SIRIUS and Feature-Based Molecular Networking (FBMN) to analyze metabolites associated with the bacterial genus Yinghuangia under positive ionization mode.