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Suppression and counter-suppression of plant immunity by an exo-1,3-glucanase of GH17 family and an elongation factor 1 of the rice blast fungus

ABSTRACT: Fungal cell walls undergo continual remodeling during hyphal growth, development, infection and adaptation to environmental stress. Cell wall remodeling generates 1,3-glucan fragments by diverse endo-glycosyl hydrolases (GH), which are well-known pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). How fungal pathogens evade plant immunity triggered by1,3-glucan fragments and associated GH proteins is not known. Here, we report a novel mechanism of immune evasion underlying the suppression of 1,3-glucan-triggered plant immunity by the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. An exo-1,3-glucanase of the GH17 family, named Ebg1, is important for fungal cell wall integrity and virulence of M. oryzae. Ebg1 can hydrolyze 1,3-glucan and laminarin into glucose to prevent 1,3-glucan-triggered plant immunity, but also acts as a PAMP, independent of its hydrolase activity. Surprisingly, M. oryzae engages an elongation factor 1 alpha protein (EF1 to interact and co-localize with Ebg1 in the apoplast to suppress Ebg1-triggered immunity. Since both Ebg1 and EF1 are widely distributed in fungi, their interaction may be a conserved mechanism whereby fungal pathogens evade plant immunity and safeguard cell wall remodeling during infection.

ORGANISM(S): Magnaporthe

SUBMITTER: Xunli Lu

PROVIDER: PXD044578 | iProX | Mon Aug 14 00:00:00 BST 2023

REPOSITORIES: iProX

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Project description:A LysM Receptor-like Kinase Mediates Chitin Perception and Fungal Resistance in Arabidopsis; Jinrong Wan,1 Xuecheng Zhang,1 David Neece,2 Katrina M. Ramonell,3 Steve Clough,2,4 Sung-yong Kim,1 Minviluz Stacey,1 and Gary Stacey1*; 1Division of Plant Sciences, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; 2Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; 3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; 4US Department of Agriculture, Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology and Genetics Research, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: staceyg@missouri.edu; Abstract: Chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, is found in fungal cell walls, but not in plants. Plant cells are capable of perceiving chitin fragments (chitooligosaccharides) to trigger various defense responses. We identified a LysM receptor-like protein (AtLysM RLK1) that is required for the perception of chitooligosaccharides in Arabidopsis. Mutation of this gene blocked the induction of almost all chitooligosaccharide-responsive genes (CRGs) and led to more susceptibility to fungal pathogens, but not to a bacterial pathogen. In addition, exogenously applied chitooligosaccharides enhanced resistance against both fungal and bacterial pathogens in the wild-type plants, but not in the mutant. Together, our data strongly suggest AtLysM RLK1 is the chitin receptor or a key part of the receptor complex and chitin is a PAMP (pathogen-associated molecular pattern) in fungi recognized by the receptor leading to the induction of plant innate immunity against fungal pathogens. Since LysM RLKs were also recently shown to be critical for the perception of the rhizobial lipo-chitin Nod signals, our data suggest that LysM RLKs not just recognize friendly symbiotic rhizobia (via their lipo-chitin Nod signals), but also hostile fungal pathogens (via their cell wall chitin). These data suggest a possible evolutionary relationship between the perception mechanisms of Nod signals and chitin by plants. Experiment Overall Design: wild type Col-0 and chitin receptor mutants treated with or without chitooctaose

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Suppression and counter-suppression of plant immunity by an exo-1,3-glucanase of GH17 family and an elongation factor 1 of the rice blast fungus

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